Semiconductors, laser-induced

Larson, A. R, Ahlberg, H., and Folestad, S., Semiconductor laser-induced fluorescence detection in picoliter volume flow cells, Appl. Opt., 32, 794,1993. 

Many of the fiindamental physical and chemical processes at surfaces and interfaces occur on extremely fast time scales. For example, atomic and molecular motions take place on time scales as short as 100 fs, while surface electronic states may have lifetimes as short as 10 fs. With the dramatic recent advances in laser tecluiology, however, such time scales have become increasingly accessible. Surface nonlinear optics provides an attractive approach to capture such events directly in the time domain. Some examples of application of the method include probing the dynamics of melting on the time scale of phonon vibrations [82], photoisomerization of molecules [88], molecular dynamics of adsorbates [89, 90], interfacial solvent dynamics [91], transient band-flattening in semiconductors [92] and laser-induced desorption [93]. A review article discussing such time-resolved studies in metals can be found in... 

Flame Photometry and Gas Chromatography (CyTerra) -Aerodynamic Particle Size and Shape Analysis (BIRAL) -Flow Cytometry (Luminex, LLNL) -Semiconductor-Based Ultraviolet Light (DARPA) -Polymer Fluorochrome (Echo Technology) -Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy -Raman Scattering -Infrared Absorption -Terahertz Spectroscopy -UV LIDAR... 

Gondal MA, Seddiqi Z (2006) Laser-induced photo-catalytic removal of phenol using n-type WO3 semiconductor catalyst. Chem Phys Lett 417 124-127... 

Spectroscopic Studies of Gap States and Laser-Induced Structural Transformations in Se-Based As-Free Amorphous Semiconductors... 

The local resolution of laser-induced reactions depends on primary effects, i.e., the laser light, and secondary effects induced by the system. Laser-induced metal nucleation and crystal growth and the relevant mechanisms depend mainly on the electronic properties of the substrate, but also on interfacial and electrolyte properties. Depending on the system parameters, focused laser light can influence overvoltage-dependent terms particularly by local heat formation or by local activation of the solid state/electrolyte interface. As the electric properties of the substrate material is of strong influence, the effects will briefly be discussed for metal, semiconductor and polymer substrates. 

Saalfrank, P., Nest, M., Andrianov, I., Klamrofh, T., Kroner, D. and Beyvers, S. (2006) Quantum dynamics of laser-induced desorption from metal and semiconductor surfaces, and related phenomena./. Phys. Condens. Matter, 18, S1425-S1459. 

Laser-Induced Selective Copper Deposition on Polyimides and Semiconductors from Solution... 

The semiconductor DLs can be operated not only in the CW mode but also in a pulsed mode, e.g., as a pump source for solid-state lasers, or can be modulated at frequencies up to the gigahertz range by modulation of the diode current (see section on Laser-induced plasma spectrometry). 

It is well known that laser-induced processes led to the development of new techniques in microelectronics and semiconductor processes (see Osgood and Deutsch (1985)). Typical examples are laser lithography or direct writing, which produce submicrometre features on the desired substrate. 

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