Sellafield

Fish from Irish ports possibly impacted by Sellafield, 1988—1997 ... 

Carlinford, Ireland (port city), impact from Sellafield Reprocessing Plant, 1991-1997 Ryanetal. 1999... 

North Rona and Isle of May, Scotland - Possible impact from Sellafield and Chernobyl, 1987 ... 

Environmental Fate. The environmental fate of americium has been extensively studied in relation to its introduction into the Irish Sea from the BNFL nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at Sellafield, United Kingdom (Belot et al. 1982 Bennett 1976 Bunzl et al. 1994, 1995 Malcolm et al. 1990 McCartney et al. 1994 McKay et al. 1994a Murray et al. 1978, 1979 Pattenden and McKay 1994 Walker et al. 1986). 

Bradford WR, Curtis EJC. 1984. Radioactivity in environmental samples taken in the Sellafield and Ravenglass areas of West Columbia, 1977-1982. Sci Total Environ 35 267-283. 

Fulker MJ, Jackson D, Leonard DRP, et al. 1998. Dose due to man-made radionuclides in terrestrial wild foods near Sellafield. J Radiol Prot 18(1) 3-13. 

McKenna P, Longworth RD. 1995. Residual Chernobyl fallout and Sellafield pollutants found on the Isle of Man. Sci Total Environ 173/174 7-14. 

Walker MI, McKay WA. 1991. Radionuclide distributions in seawater around the Sellafield pipeline. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci 32(4) 385-394. 

In "Tc samples of two kinds of brown algae (one is IAEA seaweed Ag-1 Fucus serrantus taken from the Irish Sea near the Sellafield nuclear facility and the other is Fucus vesiculosus taken from the same area) measured by Koide and... 

Average person near Sellafield nuclear fuel reprocessor 24 4 2... 

Curtis, E.J.C., D.S. Popplewell, and G.J. Ham. 1991. Radioactivity in environmental samples taken in the Sellafield, Ravenglass and Morecambe Bay areas of west Cumbria. Sci. Total Environ. 105 211-231. 

HARVEST [Highly Active Residue Vitrification Experimental Studies] A process for immobilizing nuclear waste by incorporation in a borosilicate glass. Developed from FIN-GAL. Piloted by the UK Atomic Energy Authority at Sellafield, in the late 1970s, but abandoned in 1981 in favor of AVM, the French vitrification process. 

In 1942, the Mallinckrodt Chemical Company adapted a diethylether extraction process to purify tons of uranium for the U.S. Manhattan Project [2] later, after an explosion, the process was switched to less volatile extractants. For simultaneous large-scale recovery of the plutonium in the spent fuel elements from the production reactors at Hanford, United States, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) was originally chosen as extractant/solvent in the so-called Redox solvent extraction process. In the British Windscale plant, now Sellafield, another extractant/solvent, dibutylcarbitol (DBC or Butex), was preferred for reprocessing spent nuclear reactor fuels. These early extractants have now been replaced by tributylphosphate [TBP], diluted in an aliphatic hydrocarbon or mixture of such hydrocarbons, following the discovery of Warf [9] in 1945 that TBP separates tetravalent cerium from... 

Several accidents in nuclear facilities have been extensively analyzed and reported. The three most widely publicized accidents were at Windscale (now known as Sellafield), United Kingdom, in 1957 Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania, in 1979 and Chernobyl, Ukraine, in 1986 (UNSCEAR 1988 Severn and Bar 1991 Eisler 1995). From the accident at Windscale about 750 trillion (T)Bq 22 TBq Cs, 3 TBq Sr, and 0.33 TBq °Sr were released and twice the amount of noble gases that were released at Chernobyl, but 2000 times less and Cs. From the Three Mile Island accident, about 2% as much noble gases and 50,000 times less than from the Chernobyl accident were released. The most abundant released radionuclides at Three Mile Island were Xe, Xe, and but the collective dose equivalent to the population during the first post-accident days was <1% of the dose accumulated from natural background radiation in a year. 

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