Self-doped polymers types

Q. PeijF. Klavetter, Y. Yang, Self-doped n-type conducting polymers through side-group anion charge delocalization, Polymer Preprints (American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry) 1995, 36, 213. 

It is also possible to polymerize the 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid to produce polymetanilic acid which is also soluble. Thus, preparation of a solid polymer of this type is not possible in aqueous acidic solutions, but it may be possible in a neutral solution of aqueous-organic mixed medium. However, to exhibit the electrical and electrochemical properties, protonation of the imine nitrogen of the PANI backbone in poly(metanilic acid) is necessary, which requires an acidic solution. An acid group-substituted, self-doped PANI has better electrical and electrochemical properties over a wider pH range. 

Loveday et al. [170] proposed the use of self-n-doping polymers in Type III supercapacitors. Self-n-doping was expected to alleviate cation transport problems and enhance the n-doping process, thus enhancing device performance. While the polymer, poly-3-(p-trimethylammoniumphenyl)hithiophene (Figure 9.4N) showed promising n-doping, no supercapacitor device properties were reported. 

There are many other studies of ITO surface modification [277] for the purpose of enhanced hole injection. ITO work function can be changed by treatment with UV-ozone [269, 312, 330, 331], plasma [332-334], acids or bases [335-337], and charge transfer [338] as well as by binding dipolar molecules [339, 340] using organotin (or zirconium) alkox-ides [341-343]. The work function of ITO may be changed by electrostatically controlled self-assembled polymer layers [344-349]. The hole injection was also enhanced by electrochemically prepared thin films [350], p-type doped thin films [351 - 354] and plasma polymerized fluorocarbon films [355]. 

In addition to positively impacting issues of dedoping of pH and thermally sensitive polymers such as polyaniline, self-doped forms enable the combination of p- and n-type conducting polymers without their spontaneous discharging by the concerted recombination of carriers and counterions. This has resulted in the formation of conjugated polymer p/n junctions, not possible with standard conjugated polymers. ... 

But even in systems that lack species with unpaired electrons, doping of the system with stable radicals as spin prohes, or attachment of radicals to pol5mieric chains as spin labels, have extended the use of ESR methods to a large number of polymer types and self-assembled polymeric systems (9,16-21). 

Raman spectroscopy of conducting polymers has mainly treated the structures of intact polymers (geometry of polymer chains, conjugation length, force field, etc.) [13-15]. Although the Raman spectra of doped polymers have been reported [13-15], the observed Raman bands have not been correlated to the types of self-... 

Havinga et al. prepared 3 -propylpotassiumsulfo-nate-2,2 -5, 2"-terthienyl [21], This type of compound is useful as a starting material for self-doped water-soluble conductive polymers. 

Chae IS, Koyano M, Oyaizu K et al (2013) Self-doping inspired zwitterionic pendant design of radical polymers toward a rocking-chair-type organic cathode-active material. J Mater Chem A 1(4) 1326-1333... 

Kapui et al. prepared a novel type of polypyrrole films [168]. The film was impregnated by spherical styrene-methacrylic acid block copolymer micelles with a hydrophobic core of 18 nm and a hydrophilic corona of 100 nm. The properties of the micelle-doped polypyrrole films were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and SECM. It was found that the self-assembled block copolymer micelles in polypyrrole behave as polyanions and the charge compensation by cations has been identified during electrochemical switching of the polymer films. 

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