Self cloned

Shimizu E, Oosumi T, Heima H et al (1995) Culture conditions for improvement of L-threonine production using a genetically self-cloned L-threonine hyperproducing strain of Escherichia coli K-12. Biosci Biotech Biochem 59 1095-1098... 

Dennis, J.J. and Zylstra, G.J. (1998) Plasposons modular self-cloning mini-transposon derivatives for rapid genetic analysis of gram-negative bacterial genomes. Appl Environ Microbiol,... 

Interestingly, this yeast is cis (or self ) cloned it carries no foreign DNA, and therefore is not transgenic. Nevertheless, because it was generated using techniques that involved manipulation of DNA in vitro, the regulations of many countries require it to be classed as a GMO. 

Wang, Z.-Y., He, X.-R, Liu, N., Zhang, B. R. (2008). Construction of self-cloning industrial brewing yeast with high glutathione and low diacetyl production. International Journal of Food Science Technology, 43, 989-994. 

Article 3 specifically excludes from the scope of the Directive the techniques of mutagenesis, work with somatic animal hybridomas, cell fusion of certain plant cells, and self-cloning of low risk micro-organisms. However, Member States are again free to go further than the Directive in these areas, if they so wish. 

The range of GMOs exempt from the provisions of the release Directive is more restricted than the equivalent exemptions under the CUD. In particular, the release/placing on the market of somatic animal hybridoma cells and of self-cloned Group I GMMOs do fall within the scope of the DRD. 

Ohnuki T, Imanaka T, Aiba S. Self-cloning in Snvptomyces griseus of an str gene cluster for streptomycin biosynthesis and streptomycin resistance. J Bacieriol 1985 164 85-94. 

Dairi T, Ohta T, Hashimoto E, Hasegawa M. Self cloning in Miaomonospora olivusierospora of/ms genes for fortimicin A (astromicin) biosynthesis. Mol Gen Genet 1992 232 270. 

Ando, A., Suzuki, C., Shima, J. Survival of genetically modified and self-cloned strains of commercial baker s yeast in simulated natural environments Environmental risk assessment ApplMicrobiol Biot. 2005,71, 7075-7082. 

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