Selenium environmental chemistry

Handbook of Soil Conditioners Substances That Enhance the Physical Properties of Soil, edited by Arthur Wallace and Richard E. Terry Environmental Chemistry of Selenium, edited by William T. Frankenberger, Jr., and Richard A. Engberg... 

Fan TWM, Higashi RM (1998) Biochemical fate of selenium in microphytes natural bioremediation by volatilization and sedimentation in aquatic environments. In Environmental Chemistry of Selenium. Frankenberger Jr. WT, Engberg RA(eds), Marcel Dekker, New York, p 545-564... 

Lee T, Tera F (1986) The meteoritic chromium isotopic composition and limits for radioactive Mn in the early solar system. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50(2) 199-206 Lemly AD (1985) Toxicology of selenium in a freshwater reservoir Implications for environmental hazard evaluation and safety. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 10 314-338 Lemly AD (1998) Pathology of Selenium Poisoning in Fish. In Environmental Chemistry of Selenium. 

Merian E. 1984. Introduction on environmental chemistry and global cycles of chromium, nickel, cobalt, beryllium, arsenic, cadmium and selenium, and their derivatives. Toxicol Environ Chem 8 9-38. 

Other areas of selenium chemistry, such as selenium rings, selenides, " organoselenium compounds, " and the focus of older, more comprehensive accounts of Se halide chemistry will not be covered here. Additionally, the vast environmental chemistry of selenium, for example, its aqueous and sediment speciation, plant uptake, nutritional and human health aspects, and appearance in coafl and coal-derived ash, are beyond the scope of this review. The previous reviews on Se-containing ligands, " biochemistry of selenium,as well as other relevant aspects, remain some of the most valuable sources for information on these subjects. 

Chasteen, T. G. (1998). Volatile chemical species of selenium. In Environmental Chemistry of Selenium, ed. Frankenberger, W.T., Jr., and Engberg, R. A., Marcel Dekker, New York, 589-612. 

Meeian E (1985) Introduction on Environmental Chemistry and Global Cycles of Chromium, Nickel, Cobalt, Beryllium, Arsenic, Cadmium, and Selenium. In Merian E, Erei RW, Haerdi W and Schlatter C, eds. Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Compounds, pp. 25-32. Gordon Breach, London. 

The environmental chemistry of selenium reflects to some extent that of the non-metal sulfur (not covered here). Many analogous selenium compounds are found in water, sediment, atmosphere, biota, and food. Food issues are not covered here but can be consulted in Ref 6. Selenium is an essential trace element and these aspects are also covered in the above reference. Similarly, agricultural aspects are covered in Ref 365. The environmental chemistry of selenium was reviewed in 2003. ... 

The importance of toxic elements in environmental chemistry is rarely questioned, but a relatively small number of elements (mercury, lead, and cadmium) have received a large share of researchers attention. The environmental chemistry of the transition metals, e.g., chromium, nickel, manganese, cobalt, copper, etc., has also been investigated principally because of their roles in metabolism, especially enzymatic processes. However, two non-metals, arsenic and selenium, and two metals, beryllium and vanadium, are elements which will become more significant in the future from environmental and toxicological points of view. Arsenic and selenium have been investigated, but much more work is needed because of the importance of these two elements in the environment. The author considers beryllium and vanadium to be problem metals of the future . The primary exposure route for both beryllium and vanadium is via the atmosphere and as lower environmental standards are imposed, more uses are found for each element, and more fossil fuels (source of V) are burned, the amounts added to the atmosphere will have more significance. 

We have reported a simple, green, bench top, economical and environmentally benign room temperature synthesis of MSe (M=Cd or Zn) nanoparticles using starch, PVA and PVP as passivating agents. The whole process is a redox reaction with selenium acting as the oxidant and MSe as the reduction product. An entire "green" chemistry was explored in this synthetic procedure and it is reproducible. The optical spectroscopy showed that all the particles are blue shifted from the bulk band gap clearly due to quantum confinement. Starch capped CdSe nanoparticles showed the presence of monodispersed spherical... 

Selenium (masses 74, 76, 77, 78, 80, and 82 Table 1) and chromium (masses 50, 52, 53 54 Table 1) are treated together in this chapter because of their geochemical similarities and similar isotope systematics. Both of these elements are important contaminants in surface and ground water. They are redox-active and their mobility and environmental impact depend strongly on valence state and redox transformations. Isotope ratio shifts occur primarily during oxyanion reduction reactions, and the isotope ratios should serve as indicators of those reactions. In addition to environmental applications, we expect that there will be geological applications for Se and Cr isotope measurements. The redox properties of Se and Cr make them promising candidates as recorders of marine chemistry and paleoredox conditions. 

Wu, L., Guo, X., and Banuelos, G.S. 1997. Accumulation of seleno-amino acids in legume and grass plant species grown in selenium laden soil. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 16(3) 491-7. 

Despite the toxicity of organoselenium compounds, they are routinely applied as precursors for radical reactions. This is due to the unrivaled quality of organoselenium compounds in term of stability, ease of preparation and ease of homolysis of the carbon-selenium bond. Their rich chemistry will continue to make them particularly attractive for the development of new radical processes. This is particularly true when complex systems are examined, such as radical precursors for cascade reactions. Moreover, processes where organoselenium derivatives are used in catalytic amounts will become more attractive and environmentally more friendly. 

NCDNR. 1986. North Carolina water quality standards documentation The freshwater chemistry and toxicity of selenium with an emphasis on its effects in North Carolina. North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development Division of Environmental Management, Water Quality Section. Water Quality Technical Reports. Report No. 86-02. 

Much of the literature on heavy-metal-bearing soils and sediments has been devoted to the speciation of anthropogenic metal(oid)s in contaminated matrices, but few papers focus on their crystal chemistry when they are present in trace amounts. This section reviews this topic and supplements and enhances the existing literature by describing the forms of arsenic, selenium, nickel, and zinc in two natural soils. It also attempts to illustrate with one example (Zn) how the novel synergistic use of pSXRF, pSXRD, and pEXAFS provides a quantitative analytical tool to speciate dilute multi-component metals in heterogeneous environmental materials. 

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