Selenium chloride conductivity

According to these previous studies, the most dominant dissolved states of Au and Ag in ore fluids are considered to be bisulfide and chloride complexes, depending on the chemistry of ore fluid (salinity, pH, redox state, etc.). However, very few experimental studies of Au solubility due to chloride complex and Ag solubility due to bisulfide complexes under hydrothermal conditions of interest here have been conducted. Thus, it is difficult to evaluate the effects of these important species on the Ag/Au of native gold and electrum. Other Au and Ag complexes with tellurium, selenium, bismuth, antimony, and arsenic may be stable in ore fluids but are not taken into account here due to the lack of thermochemical data. 

In all 28 parameters were individually mapped alkalinity, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, boron, bromide, cadmium, calcium, chloride, chromium, conductivity, copper, fluoride, hardness, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nitrate, pH, potassium, selenium, sodium, sulphate, thallium, uranium, and zinc. These parameters constitute the standard inorganic analysis conducted at the DENV Analytical Services Laboratory. 

Increasing the polarizability of components facilitates the collective shift of electrons and the stabilization of the material s metallic state. Thus, substituting selenium for sulfur (changing from TTF to TSeF) allows one to obtain organic metals that do not transform into dielectrics up to very low temperatures. Chloride and bromide of tetraselenatetracene, (TSeT)2(Cl)i and (TSeT)2(Br)j have the same conductivity at room or low temperatures. 

Phillips and Timms [599] described a less general method. They converted germanium and silicon in alloys into hydrides and further into chlorides by contact with gold trichloride. They performed GC on a column packed with 13% of silicone 702 on Celite with the use of a gas-density balance for detection. Juvet and Fischer [600] developed a special reactor coupled directly to the chromatographic column, in which they fluorinated metals in alloys, carbides, oxides, sulphides and salts. In these samples, they determined quantitatively uranium, sulphur, selenium, technetium, tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, silicon, boron, osmium, vanadium, iridium and platinum as fluorides. They performed the analysis on a PTFE column packed with 15% of Kel-F oil No. 10 on Chromosorb T. Prior to analysis the column was conditioned with fluorine and chlorine trifluoride in order to remove moisture and reactive organic compounds. The thermal conductivity detector was equipped with nickel-coated filaments resistant to corrosion with metal fluorides. Fig. 5.34 illustrates the analysis of tungsten, rhenium and osmium fluorides by this method. 

Selenyl chloride is the most important of the three selenium compounds having the formula SeOX2, and it has been used as a nonaqueous solvent. The liquids have substantial conductivity so it is presumed that some autoionization occurs in both SeOCl2 and SOCl2 ... 

Chloriuatton of alkenes, Allylic chlorination is usually conducted by a free-radical reaction with NCS. Chlorination can be effected with catalysis by C6H5SeCl, in which case the main product is usually the rearranged allylic chloride. However, the formation of rearranged allylic chloride is sensitive to the structure of the alkenes and also to the particular selenium compound used as catalyst. See also N-phenylselenosuccinimide, this volume. 

Johann Heinrich Biltz (Berlin, 26 May 1865-Breslau, 29 October or 2 November 1943), a pupil of Victor Meyer, professor in Breslau (1911), determined the vapour densities of stannous chloride, cuprous and silver chlorides, phosphorus, sulphur, selenium, tin, arsenic, antimony and bismuth, detecting the molecule Sg. His later work was largely on organic chemistry. His brother Eugen Wilhelm Biltz (Berlin, 8 March 1877-Heidelberg, 13 November 1943) was professor in Gottingen (1900), Clausthal (1908), and Hannover. He published an immense number of papers, on colloids, the conductivities of fused salts, the compounds of ammonia with salts, compounds of beryllium and other rarer metals, sulphides, phosphides and tellurides, etc., and the molecular volumes of solid compounds. ... 

The conductivity detector was set at a sensitivity that would have produced an acceptable signal for the selenium compounds in the absence of the other ions. Because of the high sensitivity setting on the detector and the high concentrations of chloride, sulfate, and phosphate relative to selenite and selenate, the recorder pen is off the chart for retention times between 8 and 25 minutes, and signals for selenite and selenate cannot be reliably located. However, when a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer was employed as the selenium-specific... 

Fig. 2.2. Ion chromatograms of a synthetic river water (277 mg chloride, 69 mg sulfate, 5 mg 1 phosphate) spiked with 400 micrograms selenium as selenite and 400 micrograms selenium as selenate recorded with a conductivity detector and a Hitachi Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS) as the selenium-specific detector (Dionex Model 16 ion chromatograph, 1.0 ml sample, 50 x 3 mm anion precolumn Dionex 30008 mobile phase 0.008 M aqueous Na2C03, 0.46 ml min 150 X 3 mm anion separator column Dionex 30589 250 x 3 mm anion suppressor column Dionex 30066. GFAAS drying 120°, 60 sec no ashing atomization 2500°, 6 sec Se lamp 10 niA, 196.0 nm 80 sec between injections retention time in min). Redrawn from the Journal of Chromatography [9] by permission of Elsevier Science Publishers and the authors.

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