Seismic modeling

A. Sinvhal, H. Sinvhal, Seismic Modelling and Pattern Recognition in Oil Exploration, Kluwer, Dordrecht 1992. 

Masters T. G. and Shearer P. M. (1995) Seismic models of the Earth elastic and anelastic. In Global Earth Physics A Handbook of Physical Constants. Vol. AGU Reference Shelf (ed. T. J. Ahrens). American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 88-103. 

Consider a 3-D seismic model with a background (normal) slowness distribution Sb(r) and a local inhomogeneity D with an arbitrarily varying square of slowness s (r) = Sb(r)+As (r). We will examine, in parallel, two cases the propagation of the acoustic field and of the vector wavefield in this model. 

The Bleistein method helps to determine not only the anomalous slowness distribution, but also another important characteristic of a seismic model, a reflectivity function. In a 1-D case this function is a spike train with spikes located at the positions of reflectors in the seismic model, whose heights are proportional to the reflection coefficients of the corresponding reflectors. It was demonstrated by Bleistein et al. (2001) that the reflectivity function can be represented as a combination of bandlimited delta-functions. 

Ritsema, j. v an Heust, H. 2000. New seismic model of the upper mantle beneath Africa. Geology (Boulder), 28(1), 63-66. 

This relation is approximately valid for unconsolidated sediments of 30 - 80% porosity (Carman 1956). It is used for both geotechnical applications to estimate permeabilities of soil (Lambe and Whitman 1969) and seismic modeling of wave propagation in water-saturated sediments (Biot 1956a, b Hovem and Ingram 1979 Hovem 1980 ... 

Heavy vessels (single large vessel or multiple large vessels) The vessel(s) is the principal vibrating element. It requires a combined seismic model, which simulates the mass and stiffness properties of vessel and structure. 

In the present analyses, 3-clusters row model, in which cluster B represents fuel assemblies and clusters A and C represent the shield, blanket, reflector, and etc. as shown in Fig. 14, is used to simplify the core seismic problem. The clusters A and C have 26 assemblies in each and cluster B has 51 assemblies. Fig. 15 shows the core seismic model used in analysis. 

Woodhouse, J. H. and Dziewonski, A. M., (1989) Seismic Modeling ofEarth s Large-Scale Three-Dimensional Structure, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Land A328, 291-308. 

In this equation Go is the spectral power of the white noise W t) and f (r) is a modulating function used for given a non-stationary shape to the seismic model. The solution of equation (30) affords the second-order moments of the responses needed to calculate the linearization coefficients in each time step. However, in case of hysteretic oscillators such as the Bouc Wen model, it has been observed that the Gaussian hypothesis is not satisfactory, because the internal forces are bound in the negative an positive sides by the respective strengths. This imposes the use of a non Gaussian approach, as the... 

The post-event seismicity is typically expressed in probabilistic terms, which can take the form of the probability of an aftershock of magnitude range (e.g., M6.0-6.4) occurring in a given region within a specified period of time. This form of estimation often uses different seismicity models, depending whether the time frame is short term (e.g., months or a year) or longer term (e.g., 20 or 50 years). 

Abdelkhalek R, Calandra H, Couland O, Roman J et al (2012) Fast seismic modeling and reverse time migration on a GPU cluster. Concurrency Comput Pract Exp 24 739-750... 

In summary, the building seismic model used should identify the basic force transfer mechanisms of the structural system, irrespective of the method of analysis used ... 

For passive sources (local earthquakes), the depth of seismic model resolved from tomographic inversion cannot be larger than the maximum depths of sources. 

Wang (2001) noted Because most gases are extremely compressible under reservoir conditions, in many cases the bulk modulus (incompressibility) of a hydrocarbon gas can be set as 0.01 to 0.2 GPa in seismic modeling. Errors in gas bulk modulus will yield little uncertainty in the calculated seismic properties in a fluid-saturated rock". 

S. W. Fagin, ed. (1991) Seismic Modeling of Geologic Structures-.Applications to Exploration Problems. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa. 

A.M. Dziewonski (1999) Earth s mantle in three dimensions. Seismic Modelling of Earth Structure, E.G. Boschi, Ekstrom and A. Morelli (eds.), Editrice Compositori, Bologna, 507-572. 

A Method for Ranking CO2 Flow Models Using Seismic Modeling and Time-Lapse Data... 

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