Inhomogeneity local

Inhomogeneous local packing, which leads to a broad distribution of the activation energy of both phenyl ring and carbonate group motions. This... 

Crazing can be considered as a type of inhomogenous localized yielding. A major factor affecting ESC is yield strength CTj, and this can be expressed in terms of thermally activated shear flow, as described by Eyring s equation ... 

In the following, we discuss a method to measure model free the residual dipolar van VIeck moments without contributions from inhomogeneous spin interactions originating from static magnetic field inhomogeneities, local susceptibility effects, and heteronuclear dipolar interactions (70). Moreover, in the first approximation this method is insensitive to the transverse relaxation produced by the fluctuating dipolar interactions. 

We have shown that the zeroth-order geometric optics approximation can be used to describe the propagation of normally incident, elliptically polarized light in an inhomogeneous, locally uniaxial medium. The approximation corresponds to finding an asymptotic solution of the wave equation in the short-wavelength limit. It is found that a set of pseudo-Stokes parameters, linearly related to the usual Stokes parameters, can be defined to characterize the propa-... 

Zeolites are pseudo-ionic crystals where inhomogeneous local fields are present at any point in intra-cavity space Their magnitude has been estimated from electrostatic calculations Using a simple model , a value of 10 V/m is... 

The donor concentrations in the order of 10 cm are relatively high but typical for many passive films, and the increase of Njj with the cobalt content is in accordance with the formation of additional inter-band states by alloying of the zinc matrix. The results also show that the properties of passive films of Zn-Co and Zn-Ni alloys are not fully compatible with the simple Mott-Schott-ky relation. The observed deviations may be explained by a distribution of energetically different electronic states within the band gap, according to the theory of Stimming et al. (Dean and Stimming, 1987). These states were not detected by photo-electrochemical measurements. This is another example that demonstrates the effect of inhomogeneities localized at the interface of electrode surfaces. 

However, before extrapolating the arguments from the gross patterns through the reactor for homogeneous reactions to solid-catalyzed reactions, it must be recognized that in catalytic reactions the fluid in the interior of catalyst pellets may diSer from the main body of fluid. The local inhomogeneities caused by lowered reactant concentration within the catalyst pellets result in a product distribution different from that which would otherwise be observed. 

If dye molecules are embedded into an amorphous matrix, preferably transparent polymers, greatly and inbornogenously broadened spectral lines are observed. This broadening is caused by the energetic interaction of the dye molecules with the locally different environment in the polymer matrix. The ratio of the homogenous initial line width of the dye molecule T to the inhomogenous line width of the dye in the polymer T ranges from 1 10 to 1 10 . ... 

For condensed species, additional broadening mechanisms from local field inhomogeneities come into play. Short-range intermolecular interactions, including solute-solvent effects in solutions, and matrix, lattice, and phonon effects in soHds, can broaden molecular transitions significantly. 

Pits occur as small areas of localized corrosion and vary in size, frequency of occurrence, and depth. Rapid penetration of the metal may occur, leading to metal perforation. Pits are often initiated because of inhomogeneity of the metal surface, deposits on the surface, or breaks in a passive film. The intensity of attack is related to the ratio of cathode area to anode ai ea (pit site), as well as the effect of the environment. Halide ions such as chlorides often stimulate pitting corrosion. Once a pit starts, a concentration-cell is developed since the base of the pit is less accessible to oxygen. 

Numerical solution of Eq. (51) was carried out for a nonlocal effective Hamiltonian as well as for the approximated local Hamiltonian obtained by applying a gradient expansion. It was demonstrated that the nonlocal effective Hamiltonian represents quite well the lateral variation of the film density distribution. The results obtained showed also that the film behavior on the inhomogeneous substrate depends crucially on the temperature regime. Note that the film exhibits different wetting temperatures on both parts of the surface. For chemical potential below the bulk coexistence value the film thickness on both parts of the surface tends to appropriate assymptotic values at x cx) and obeys the power law x. Such a behavior of the film thickness is a consequence of van der Waals tails. The above result is valid when both parts of the surface exhibit either continuous (critical) or first-order wetting. 

We see from both equations 8.32 and 8.33 that the most unstable mode is the mode and that ai t) = 1 - 1/a is stable for 1 < a < 3 and ai t) = 0 is stable for 0 < a < 1. In other words, the diffusive coupling does not introduce any instability into the homogeneous system. The only instabilities present are those already present in the uncoupled local dynamics. A similar conclusion would be reached if we were to carry out the same analysis for period p solutions. The conclusion is that if the uncoupled sites are stable, so are the homogeneous states of the CML. Now what about inhomogeneous states ... 

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