Seismic attribute

Fig. 6. (a) An example of the complex architecture of a fault damage zone as imaged on a seismic attribute map (dip magnitude in this case). Note that the fault zone is composed of linked segments and domains where different sub-structures are present, (b) The simple interpretation of the fault zone which would be misleading if used as a basis for fault seal analysis. 

Jones, G. and Knipe R.J. 1996, Seismic attribute maps application to structural interpretation and fault seal analysis in the North Sea Basin. First Break, in press. 

D pressure models can be used to map pressure at specific reservoir levels. These maps can be combined with structure maps and seismic attribute maps to constrain the risks at the target level. 

Key Principle Cuts any seismic attribute orthogonal to the key features and retains only the peak values, thus obtaining a thinned (skeletonized) volume [12]. 

T. Randen, B. Reymond, H.I. Sjulstad, and L. Spnneland (1998) New seismic attributes for automated stratigraphic facies boimdary detection. Expanded Abstr., Int. Mtg., Soc. Exploration Geophys, INT 3.2, 628-631. 

The seismic wave form aroimd a seismic extremum can be described through a set of seismic attributes. The seismic attributes are obtained using reconstruction techniques of the seismic trace, such that the seismic signal is locally... 

T. Randen and L. Spnneland (2004) Atlas of 3d seismic attributes. This vol-... 

M.T. Taner, J.S. Schuelke, R. O Doherty, and E. Baysal (1994) Seismic attributes revisited. Proceedings of the 64th Aimual International Meeting, vol. 94, Society of Exploration Geophysisists, 1104-1106. 

Among these seismic attributes, those derived from the complex seismic trace analysis, developed in [41], have been extensively used in the industry for reservoir characterisation and monitoring. These attributes are derivatives of the basic seismic measurements, meaning that the use of complex trace analysis is simply a way to present and analyse a limited amount of information contained in the seismic trace. 

Recent research and development efforts have been focused on improving seismic attribute extraction invariant to or steered by the local orientation (dip and azimuth) of the reflectors (cf. the chapter [35] of Randen and Spnneland). This new approach provides a way to honour the stratigraphic orientation of reflections and has determined a new way to handle reservoir characterisation and monitoring by the use of volume attributes. 

The traditional approach of seismic attribute computation is to extract attributes along vertical traces, irrespective of any dipping nature of the reflections. This industry standard clearly implies a risk of introducing artefacts, when the stratigraphic pattern is not layer cake and flat. As a more consistent alternative, seismic texture attributes compensate for the dip and azimuth or make the attribute extraction invariant to local dip and azimuth. In addition, they are genuine 3D with no trace bias as opposed to coherency and semblance attributes. Moreover, these attributes are amplitude-invariant. 

The first part of the book, comprising Chapters 1-5, treats the analysis and interpretation of the input seismic data. The first chapter provides a very brief and basic introduction to geology and seismic. The next two chapters present a set of seismic attributes (measures computed from the seismic data) which are useful for the subsequent classification of geological responses. Chapters 4 and 5 propose novel pattern recognition strategies for the automated interpretation of seismic data. 

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