Segregation, in mixing

Concerning the electrostatic interaction of charged macromolecules with lipids and segregation in mixed films. I would like to point out that (to be published in Electrical Phenomena at Membrane Level, p. 273 Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1977) ... 

Scale of segregation In mixing, the average distance between regions of the same component. 

Minko S., Muller M., Usov D., Scholl A., Froeck C., and Stamm M., Lateral versus perpendicular segregation in mixed polymer brushes , Phys Rev Lett, 2002 88(3) 0355021-0355024. 

BATSEG, SEMISEG, COMPSEG - Mixing and Segregation in Chemical Reactors... 

The segregated-flow reactor model (SFM) represents the micromixing condition of complete segregation (no mixing) of fluid elements. As noted in Section 19.2, this is one extreme model of micromixing, the maximum-mixedness model being the other. 

Tabular (C,t) data usually are easier to manipulate when put in the form of an algebraic equation. Then necessary integrals and derivatives can be formed readily and most accurately. The calculation of chemical conversions by such mechanisms as segregation, maximum mixing or dispersion also is easier with data in the form of equations. 

The 31P n.m.r. of phospholipids has been the subject of a number of papers.62-89 These have been primarily aimed at investigating the conformation and motion of phospholipids in bilayers, but information has also been obtained on gel-to-liquid crystal transformations of phospholipids.65-67 A P31 1H nuclear Overhauser effect indicates that there is little tendency for mixed phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidyl-ethanolamine vesicles to segregate in separate domains.68 69 A phosphonium analogue (23) of choline chloride has been prepared and converted chemically into... 

Rowe, RN. and Nienow, A.W., Particle mixing and segregation in gas fluidised beds a review, Powder Tech., 15 (1976) 141-147. 

Figure 16.2 illustrates the difference in performance of macrofluids and microfluids in mixed flow reactors, and they show clearly that a rise in segregation improves reactor performance for reaction orders greater than unity but lowers performance for reaction orders smaller than unity. Table 16.2 was used in preparing these charts. 

Figure 16.5 Partial segregation in the mixing of two miscible fluids in a reactor.

Hu J, Lui G. Chain mixing and segregation in B-C and C-D diblock copolymer micelles. Macromolecules 2005 38 8058-8065. 

As alluded to before, the adsorption of atoms and molecules may also induce segregation in alloys. Upon revisiting the thermodynamic behavior of the improved Cu-Ag alloy catalysts for ethylene epoxidation synthesized by Linic et al, (section 2.1) Piccinin et al. calculated that, while in the absence of oxygen Cu prefers to stay in the subsurface layers, oxygen adsorption causes it to segregate to the surface which then phase-separates into clean Ag(lll) and various Cu surface oxides under typical industrial conditions (Fig. 7). This casts doubt on the active state of the previous Cu-Ag catalysts being a well-mixed surface Ag-Cu alloy. 

Although there are many features common to synthetic oxides and minerals, fundamental studies of the charge-transfer processes in mixed-valence compounds can only be systematically carried out on synthetic oxides of controlled stoichiometry and impurity concentration. However, with the exception of Seebeck coefficients, transport measurements require single-crystal data if quantitative interpretations are to be made. Nevertheless, conductivity data for polycrystalline samples of cubic phases are useful if the samples are dense and care has been taken to eliminate any segregation of impurities into the grain boundaries. 

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