Seger cone

SEGER CONE. A series of substances having different fusion temperatures might serve roughly to measure the temperature of high-temperature... 

The temperature in a kiln can be measured with a so-called Seger cone, which was named after the German chemist Hermann August Seger. In 1885 he was director of the Chemisch-Technischen Versuchsanstalt der Koniglichen Porzellan-Manufaktur zu Berlin and at the turn of the year 1887 he presented his cone for temperature measurements in kilns (figure 11.3.1). 

Is the Seger cone still of importance nowadays An article in the Keramische Zeitschrift of 1986 reports the production of 5 to 9 million cones annually at the Staatliche Porzellan Manufaktur in Berlin. At Sphinx, Technical Ceramics in Maastricht, The Netherlands Seger... 

Cone number End point Seger cone C Orton cone Cone number End point Seger cone °C Orton cone... 

Refractory behavior of ceramic materials is determined by the Seger cone test... 

Ceramic materials are termed refractory, when they exhibit a cone-fusion point of at least SK 17 (average cone-fusion point 1500°C) in the Seger cone test according to DIN 51 063. Highly refractory materials have a cone-fusion point of at least SK 37(1830°C). 

The use of Seger cones for the estimation of the softening point of l )asic tories is not advisable and the optical pyrometer should be employed for this purpose, especially since the temperatures involved are often above the available cone scries. When it is necessary to resort to the use of cones these should be placed on a plaque made from a mixture of fused alumina and kaolin and not upon that supporting the test specimens which is necessarily basic. 

Owing to their purity (absence of basic oxides) the kaolins are the most refractory clays. Thus a well-known kaolin from Zettlitz, Bohemia, which is considered a standard material of its kind, shows a softening temperature corresponding to Seger cone No. 35, estimated to correspond to a temperature of 1,750°C., according to the scale adopted by the Bureau of Standards (palladium = 1,549°C. platinum = 1,755°C.). 

For sintering, the FGM was heated in a furnace using butane fuel. Following this, a Seger cone was placed inside the furnace to determine the desired temperature, the gas pressure was set at 0. 05 kg/cm and the furnace was ignited. The gas pressure was raised gradually in steps of 0. 05 kg/cm and at 30 minute intervals measurements of the furnace temperature were taken. 

The refractoriness of a material is a measure of its ability to withstand a high temperature without loss of shape, and is determined by heating in a furnace a small cone, made from the material, side by side with other standard cones of known refractoriness, (called Seger Cones) until the cone being tested begins to fuse, indicated by... 

Seger cones (pyrometric cones) A series of cones used to indicate the temperature inside a furnace or kiln. The cones are made from different mixtures of clay, limestone, feldspars, etc., and each one softens at a different temperature. The drooping of the vertex is an indication that the known softening... 

Commercial products are available that employ the last two methods of temperature measurement called Tempilsticks in the former case and Seger cones in the latter case. 

DIN 51063. Testing of ceramic raw and finished materials. Pyrometric Seger cone. Part 1 determination of the bending point (pyrometric cone equivalent), Part 2 testing of Seger cones. ISO 1146 1988 Pyrometric reference cones for laboratory use - specification. 

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