Sediments chlorinated phenol-contaminated

PCDDs are accidentally formed during the production of chlorinated phenols and related products (2-5). They may also be formed during the burning process in incinerators and through other forms of combustion, such as motor vehicles. The 2,3,7,8-TCDD is usually a minor component of these combustion products. They have been identified in urban dust, in gasoline motor oil, and in diesel motor oil (Ballschmiter, K. Buchert, H. Niemczy, K. R. Munder, A. Swerrev, M. Chemosphere in press 1986.) Thus, these chemicals are ubiquitous in our environment in very low concentrations and have been identified in fish, lake sediments, human adipose tissue, and milk (6-10). In addition, waste from the production of chlorinated phenols, if poorly controlled, may lead to heavier contamination in local areas (11). 

Rhizodegradation Soils, sediments, land application of wastewater Organic compounds (TPH, PAHs, BTEX, pesticides, chlorinated solvents, PCBs) Phenolics releasers (mulberry, apple, osage orange) Grasses with fibrous roots (rye, fescue, Bermuda) for contaminants 0-3 ft deep Phreatophyte trees for 0-10 ft Aquatic plants for sediments... 

Additionally, the bound fraction of numerous further anthropogenic contaminants were investigated by quantitation of the extractable and nonextractable matter. The selection of the contaminants (including chlorinated and brominated naphthalenes, 2,4,6-tribromoaniline, mono-and dibrominated phenols, phthalates, tri-n-butylphosphate, 2,4,4-trimethylpentane-l,3-dioldi-Ao-butyrate, bisphenol A, butylated nitrophenols, 4-nitrobenzoic acid, galaxolide and tonalide) was based on the results of extended GC-MS-screening analyses applied to the extracts of the sediment samples as well to the extracts derived from selective chemical degradation procedures. 

Sediment concentration data of major groups of organic contaminants -aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated pesticides, phenols, polychlorinated biphenyls and -dibenzodioxins - are summarized in Table 2-5 (the book by Moore Ramamoorthy contains information on physicochemical properties, production, uses and discharges, and on toxicity). 

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