Sedimentation field-flow fractionation analysis

Biomolecule Separations. Advances in chemical separation techniques such as capillary zone electrophoresis (cze) and sedimentation field flow fractionation (sfff) allow for the isolation of nanogram quantities of amino acids and proteins, as weU as the characterization of large biomolecules (63—68) (see Biopolymers, analytical techniques). The two aforementioned techniques, as weU as chromatography and centrifugation, ate all based upon the differential migration of materials. Trends in the area of separations are toward the manipulation of smaller sample volumes, more rapid purification and analysis of materials, higher resolution of complex mixtures, milder conditions, and higher recovery (69). 

Techniques which seem less suitable for routine size analysis are (1) analytical ultracentrifugation combined with a Schlieren optical system (Mason and Huang, 1978 Weder and Zumbuehl, 1984) (2) the sedimentation field flow fractionation (SFFF) technique to separate heterogeneous dispersions (e.g., Kirkland et al., 1982). 

Bio, G., Contado, C., Fagioli, F., Bollain Rodgiguez, M. H., and Dondi, F. (1995). Analysis of kaolin by sedimentation field-flow fractionation and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry detection. Chromatographia 41,715-721. 

Anger, S., Caldwell, K.D., Mehnert W. and Muller, R.H. (1999) Coating of nanoparticles—analysis of adsorption using sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF), Proc. Int. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater. 26, 599-600. 

Protein adsorption to PS latex has also been determined by sedimentation field flow fractionation (SdFFF). The maximum surface coverages of P-casein and p-lactoglobulin on negatively charged PS latex calculated using this method were similar at around Img/m [19]. This figure, which was confirmed by amino acid analysis of the material irreversibly bound to the surface, was significantly lower... 

Sanz, R. Cardot, R Battu, S. Galceran, M.T. Steric-hyperlayer sedimentation field flow fractionation and flow cytometry analysis applied to the study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74 (17), 4496 504. 

Koliadima, A. Karaiskakis, G. Sedimentation field-flow fractionation A new methodology for the concentration and particle size analysis of dilute polydisperse colloidal samples. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 1988,11, 2863. 

Giddings, J.C. Karaiskakis, G. Caldwell, K.D. Concentration and analysis of dilute colloidal samples by sedimentation field-flow fractionation. Sep. Sci. Technol. 1981,16, 725-744. 

Y. Mori, B. Scarlett, H.G. Merkus, Effects of ionic strength of eluent on size analysis of submicrometre particles by sedimentation field-flow fractionation. J. Chromatogr. A 515, 21-35 (1990). doi 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89298-0... 

Ranville, J.F., D.J. Chittleborough, F. Doss, T. Harris, R. Morrison, andR. Beckett. 1999. Development of sedimentation field-flow fractionation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for the analysis of soil colloids. Anal. Chimica. Acta. 381 315-329. 

Influence of Zone Broadening on Particle Size Analysis by Sedimentation Field-flow Fractionation... 

Apart from the analysis of adsorption isotherms, snrfactant adsorption onto particle surfaces has been investigated through particle electrophoresis [11,12], dynamic light scattering [13], atomic force microscopy [14], neutron reflection experiments [15], and sedimentation field flow fractionation (SdFFF) [16]. 

Clearly, sedimentation FFF is a separation technique. It is an important member of the field-flow fractionation (FFF) family of techniques. Although other members of the FFF family (especially thermal FFF) are more effective for polymer analysis, sedimentation FFF is advantageous for the separation of a wide assortment of colloidal particles. Sedimentation FFF not only yields higher resolution than nearly all other particle separation techniques, but its simple theoretical basis allows a straightforward connection between observed particle migration rates and particle size. Thus size distribution curves are readily obtained on the basis of theoretical analysis without the need for (and uncertainties of) calibration. 

Williams PS, Moon MH, Giddings JC (1992) Fast separation and characterization of micron size particles by sedimentation/steric field-flow fractionation role of lift forces. In Stanley-Wood NG, Lines RW (eds) Particle size analysis. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, pp 280-289... 

The techniques of field-flow fractionation appear to be well suited to colloid analysis. The special subtechnique of sedimentation FFF (SdFFF) is particularly effective in dealing with colloidal particles in the diameter range from 0.02 to 1 using the normal or Brownian mode of operation (up to 100 jU-m using the steric-hyperlayer mode). As a model sample for the observation of aggregate particles by SdFFF, of... 

Here, we treat the case of PSD analysis of particulate systems of micron-size range (i.e., with a size distribution extending above 1 xm). Since 1994, in our laboratories, this topic has been dealt with by means of a low-costsubset of sedimentation FFF (SdFFF), the gravitational field-flow fractionation (GrFFF) technique. GrFFF had aheady... 

This section addresses two basic principles of classification—sedimentation and field-flow fractionation—and the corresponding sizing techniques. Additionally, a chromatographic technique is briefly introduced. The focus lies on sedimentation or centrifugation analysis, which corresponds to its practical relevance for the characterisation of coUoidal suspensions. 

Field-flow fractionation (FFF) is a family of powerful separation techniques for the analysis of proteins, polymers, and particles. The FFF is divided into different subtechniques, which are related to the physical field acting perpendicirlar to the channel used in FFF. Examples are thermal FFF (Tfr-FFF), sedimentation FFF (Sd-FFF), electrical FET (E-FFF), and flow FFF (F-FFF). The separation range in FFF is typically very broad and small stmctiues of several nanometers in size up to hundreds of miaometer can be separated (Figirre 26). ... 

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