Section 17-2 Glucose Monitors

The front of the prescription department traditionally is used to highlight vitamins and herbal remedies, products that commonly require the advice of a pharmacist for proper use (e.g., glucose monitors), or high-priced specialty items that may be at risk for theft if stocked in a less visible section (e.g., smoking-cessation products). The areas where prescriptions are... 

Figure 3.5 Cross section of boronate-afflnity sensor for intravascular glucose monitoring showing the bomonate gel-covering dialysis membrane and outer haemocompatible, heparin-coated microporous membrane.

Figure 7.11 Cross-sectional view of the implantable microsystem and glucose sensor for continuous blood glucose monitoring.

For monitoring the extent of polysaccharide hydrolysis, l.c. methods that sepeu ate and analyze the non-fermentable oligosaccharides (d.p. 3-30) derived from cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins are useful, and have already been described (see Section III,l,c). For determination of the monosaccharide composition of completely hydrolyzed, plant polysaccharides, l.c. is especially useful and has been applied to the compositional analysis of hydrolyzed plant fiber,wood pulps,plant cell-walls,and cotton fibers.In these representative examples, the major sugars of interest, namely, glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose, and mannose, have traditionally been difficult to resolve by l.c. The separa-... 

In this assay, diluted serum is preincubated with glucose, hexokinase, NADP+, and G6P dehydrogenase to allow any creatine phosphate and ADP present in the serum sample to be consumed. When a constant, 4340 value is achieved, a reagent solution consisting of concentrated creatine phosphate and ADP is added, and the increase in A340 is monitored as a function of time. A typical trace is shown in Figure 3.2. The slope of the initial linear section of this curve is directly proportional to enzyme concentration. 

Glycosylation of the red cell cytoskeleton [e.g., membrane proteins (M25) and in particular spectrin (M13)] leads to decreased deformability and a concomitant decrease in erythrocyte life span. This has been monitored by the centrifugation packing coefficient, filtration, and negative-pressure micropipette techniques with red cell suspensions incubated in vitro with 25 ixiM glucose or from in vivo preparations from normal and diabetic individuals (B13). The relevance of these observations will be discussed in Section 5.5.1. 

This section reviews some recent developments on a multiple analyte sensor that is based on identical Alpg-based OLED pixels and monitors the serum analytes glucose, lactate, ethanol, and oxygen, which are of clinical, health, industrial, and environmental importance. These analytes were monitored sequentially or simultaneously comparable results were obtained using both approaches. 

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