Second Harmonic Microscopy

As shown in Section 6.2, optical second harmonic generation is a nonintrusive, selective and straightforward method to obtain surface- or interface-specific information. In the absence of noncentrosymmetric scatter sources, and given sensitive detectors, it can provide a very high signal-to-noise ratio and thus it is a rather obvious idea to obtain also two-dimensional SH or even sum frequency (SF) images (Floersheimer et al. 1997 Floersheimer 1999). 

Using this setup, the images in Fig. 8.19 have been obtained. The images (a) and (b) show the same surface area, which is covered by light-emitting nanofibers, but with differently polarized excitation light. Obviously, the op- 

It is instructive to compare the SH microscopy results with the near-field images of Fig. 9.6 which show the same kind of light-emitting nanofibers. The spatial resolution of SH microscopy is lower ( 700 nm) compared with scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) the contrast ratio, however, is much better. Nevertheless, it recently also became possible to determine molecular orientations via SH-SNOM (Fig. 9.14). 

Wilson, Confocal Microscopy, (Academic, London, 1990). B. Herman, Fluorescence microscopy, (BIOS Scientific, 1998). E. Hecht, Optics, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, 2002). 

Problem 8.1. If one wants to take advantage of the full resolving power of a lens or if one wants to focus light down to the minimum possible spot size, is this possible with any light source Does one require special conditions  

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Freund, L, Deutsch, M., and Sprecher, A. 1986. Connective-tissue polarity Optical second-harmonic microscopy, crossed-beam summation, and small-angle scattering in rat-tail tendon. Biophys. J. 50 693-712. 

Mizutani, G., and Sano, H. 2003. Starch image in living water plants observed by optical second harmonic microscopy. In Science, technology and education of microscopy An overview, ed. A. Mendez-Vilas, 499-504. Badajoz, Spain Formatex. 

Mizutani, G., Sonoda, Y, Sano, H., Sakamoto, M., Takahashi, T., and Ushioda, S. 2000. Detection of starch granules in a living plant by optical second harmonic microscopy. J. Luminesc. 87-89 824-26. 

Boulesteix, T., Beaurepaire, E., Sauviat, M.-P, and Schanne-Klein, M.-C. 2004. Second-harmonic microscopy of unstained living cardiac myocytes Measurements of sarcomere length with 20-nm accuracy. Opt. Lett. 29 2031-33. 

Zayats, A. V, and Sandoghdar, V. 2000. Apertureless scanning near-field second-harmonic microscopy. Opt. Commun. 178 245 9. 

Zeng, H.-P., Liu, C.-Y., Tokura, S., Kira, M., Segawa, Y. Scanning second-harmonic microscopy of a thin film of cr-ir copolymer with 2, 2 -bipyridine in the backbone. J. Phys. Condensed Matter 11, L333-L340 (1999)... 

Perry, S.W., Burke, R.M., Brown, E.B. Two-photon and second harmonic microscopy in clinical and translational cancer research. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 40(2), 277-291 (2012)... 

The diffusion of Ge on (lll)Si at high temperatures was studied experimentally by means of second-harmonic microscopy. The results could be described by ... 

Second harmonic microscopy was used to study In diffusion on (111) surfaces. It was found that, for homologous temperatures that were near to 0.5 and for coverages ranging from 0 to 0.7, the In diffusivity could be described by ... 

Floersheimer, M., Boesch, M., BriUert, C., Wierschem, M., and Fuchs, FI. (1997). Second harmonic microscopy - a quantitative probe for molecular surface order. Adv.Mat., 9 1061 -1065. 

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