Seawater environments

General corrosion damage was the cause of failure of an A1 alloy welded pipe assembly in an aircraft bowser which was attacked by a deicing-fluid — water mixture at small weld defects . Selective attack has been reported in welded cupro-nickel subjected to estuarine and seawater environments . It was the consequence of the combination of alloy element segregation in the weld metal and the action of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB). Sulphide-coated Cu-enriched areas were cathodic relative to the adjacent Ni-rich areas where, in the latter, the sulphides were being continuously removed by the turbulence. Sulphite ions seemed to act as a mild inhibitor. 

Sutton, C., Calder, J.A. (1974) Solubility of higher-molecular-weight-paraffins in distilled water and seawater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 8, 654-657. 

Wakeham, S.G., Davis, A.C., Karas, J.L. (1983) Microcosm experiments to determine the fate and persistence of volatile organic compounds in coastal seawater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 17, 611-617. 

Rossi, S.S., Thomas, W.H. (1981) Solubility behavior of three aromatic hydrocarbons in distilled water and natural seawater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 15, 715-716. 

Kogut, M. B. and Yoelker, B. M. (2001). Strong copper-binding behaviour of terrestrial humic substances in seawater, Environ. Sci. TechnoL, 35, 1149-1156. 

Brewer P.G., Peltzer E.T., Friedrich G., and Rehder G. (2002) Experimental determination of the fate of rising CO2 droplets in seawater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 5441-5446. 

Sutton, C., and J. A. Calder, Solubility of High-Molecular-Weight n-Paraffins in Distilled Water and Seawater. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1974 8, 655-657. 

Hargrave BT, Barrie LA, Bidleman TF, Welch HE (1997) Seasonality in exchange of organochlorines between Arctic air and seawater. Environ Sci Technol 31 3258-3266... 

Repeta DJ, Hartman NT, John S, Jones AD, Goericke R (2004) Structure Elucidation and Characterization of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Carboxylic Acids as Major Constituents of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in Seawater. Environ Sci Tech 38 5373... 

Daikoku, T. and Sakaguchi, M. (1990). Changes in level of trimethylamine and trimethylamine oxide during adaptation of young eel Anguilla anguilla to a seawater environment. Bulletin of the Japanese Society cf Scientific Fisheries 56,1895 (only). 

Spectrophotometric techniques combined with flow injection analysis (FIA) and on-line preconcentration can meet the required detection limits for natural Fe concentrations in aquatic systems (Table 7.2) by also using very specific and sensitive ligands, such as ferrozine [3-(2-bipyridyl)-5,6-bis(4-phenylsulfonic acid)-l,2,4-triazine], that selectively bind Fe(II). Determining Fe(II) as well as the total Fe after on-line reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) with ascorbic acid allows a kind of speciation.37 A drawback is that the selective complexing agents can shift the iron redox speciation in the sample. For example, several researchers have reported a tendency for ferrozine to reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II) under certain conditions.76 Most ferrozine methods involve sample acidification, which may also promote reduction of Fe(III) in the sample. Fe(II) is a transient species in most seawater environments and is rapidly oxidized to Fe(III) therefore, unacidified samples are required in order to maintain redox integrity.8 An alternative is to couple FIA with a chemiluminescence reaction.77-78... 

Sullivan KF, Atlas EL, Giam CS. 1982. Adsorption of phthalic acid esters from seawater. Environ Sci Technol 16 428-432. 

Gonzalez-Davila, M., Santana-Casiano, J.M., Perez-Pena, J., and Millero, F.J. (1995) Binding of Cu(II) to the surface and exudates of the alga Dunaliella tertiolecta in seawater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29, 289-301. 

Sunda W. G. and Huntsman S. A. (1998) Control of Cd concentrations in a coastal diatom by interactions among free ionic Cd, Zn, and Mn in seawater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 2961-2968. 

Amyot M., Gill G. A., and Morel F. M. M. (1997) Production and loss of dissolved gaseous mercury in coastal seawater. Environ. Set Technol. 31, 3606-3611. 

Matsunaga K, Konishi S, Nishimura M. 1979. Possible errors caused prior to measurement of mercury in natural waters with special reference to seawater. Environ Sci Technol 13 63-65. 

Recently, we developed sandwich ELISAs for each of the two distinct Vgs (Vg-530 and Vg-320) of the Japanese common goby (A. flavimanus) and used the two Vg assays to survey, for the first time, the impact of environmental estrogens on production of more than one distinct Vg molecule by a fish species146,147. These field studies were conducted in various coastal waters of Japan. The Japanese common goby is a suitable model species for monitoring chemical pollutants in coastal waters because of their broad distribution in brackish water and seawater environments... 

J.W. Moffet, R.G. Zika (1987). Reaction kinetics of hydrogen peroxide with copper and iron in seawater. Environ. Sci. Technol., 21, 804-810. 

---