Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

So where are they then This question, now famous, is attributed to Enrico Fermi he was reacting to an observation, made by a member of the audience at a physics conference in Los Alamos in 1950, that there must be extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI). (The search for ETI is known as SETI, search for extraterrestrial intelligence.) The question is now known as the Fermi paradox initial investigations with the goal of solving it took place a few years after Fermi s question was posed. 

The search for extraterrestrial intelligence was originally coordinated by the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California, founded in 1984 however, in 1992,... 

Tarter, J.. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). Annu. rev. Astron. Astrophys. 2001 39 511-48. 

In March 2002, a team of researchers from the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Institute and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) reported on an important breakthrough in the search for amino acids in the ISM. These researchers attempted to reproduce in their laboratory the conditions found in the ISM. They enclosed a mixture of molecules already known to exist in the ISM in a container cooled to 15K under a pressure of about 10 8 torr (a pressure of 1 torr is equal to 1 mm of mercury),... 

Shostak, Seth. Listening for a Whisper. Astronomy 32, no. 9 (September, 2004) 34-39. Avery brief overview of how radio telescopes are used in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. 

The somewhat controversial field of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence has been treated in [7.104 7.105]. Radio astronomy tools have been used, but very recently the search has been extended to a search for po ible laser flashes from distant objects. The flrst two space craft to leave the solar system (Pioneer 10 and 11, launched in 1972 and 1973, respectively) carried a plaque with the frequencies of the 14 strongest pulsars, expressed with the hydrogen hfs frequency as a base, and with indications of their relative directions with regard to our solar system, as a sign of our own inteUigence [7.106] ... 

An indirect or passive search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETT) in 25 globular clusters observed at the water and hydroxyl lines was made by Cohen, Malkan and Dickey, 1980 [74] with negative results. 

In the search for extraterrestrial signatures of life, we need to distinguish among Solar System sites, extrasolar system sites, and the search for intelligent life. It is likely that within the 21st century most potential life-bearing... 

Hydrogen, as an indicator of the presence of water, plays a role in the search for extraterrestrial life. In an October 1992 story about NASA s then newly computerized search for intelligent life in space, Newsweek noted that the ongoing search by the planetary researcher Paul Horowitz was focused on hydrogen s frequency of 1420 megahertz. This simplest and most abundant atom in the universe, Newsweek explained, vibrates at a frequency of 1,420,405,751 cycles a second, a frequency that Horowitz says would make sense as a meeting place in the vast radio spectrum. 8... 

Stull, M.A. International legal protection of the Water Hole frequency band for a search of extraterrestrial intelligent Ufe. In Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, vol. 7,... 

Ibid. See also A.T. Lawton, Infrared interstellar communication, Spaceflight, 13(3) 83-85 (1971) C. H. Townes, At what wavelengths should we search for signals from extraterrestrial intelligence Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A. 80 1147-1151 (1983) J. D. Rather, Lasers Revisited their superior utility for interstellar beacons, communications, and travel, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 44 385-392 (1991). 

Radio-astronomy searches (Project Ozma) for communications from intelligent extraterrestrial beings have been carried out at this frequency see Interstellar Communication, A. G. W. Cameron, etL, Benjamin, New York, 1963 Communication With Extraterrestrial Inteltt-genee, C. Sagan, ed. MIT Press, 1973. 

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