Scientific method, researching projects

Product development for biological pharmaceuticals might appear as a simple continuation of a research project after a sufficiently effective compound has been identified. From a scientific point of view there is no clear distinction between research and development. Until the clinical phase, product development utilizes the same basic skills and methods and - to a great extent - the experience of the same people who did the research. However, the rules change considerably as soon as innovative research turns into conservative testing of quality, safety and efficacy and into analytical and process development. 

Students engaged in scientific method through researching their products, in the absence of a laboratory. Frustration in grandiose project design and... 

A goal of the Foundation was to promote scholarly and scientific exchanges and joint research projects among physicians and scientists from the Soviet Union, Japan, the United States and other countries. The founding document stated, A testable hypothesis is whether mind/brain science can help explain violent and overly aggressive behavior. Violence can be viewed not only as socioeconomic and political phenomena, but also as a form of mental illness, subjert to investigation by means of biochemical, electrical and psychological methods. ... 

Many active scientists spend little time thinking about the philosophy of science and, in science courses at universities, the subject is rarely, if ever, covered. Students often embark on a scientific research project without having devoted much time to trying to understand what is involved in the scientific method. For that reason, this short chapter will provide a number of questions that are intended to stimulate discussion and encourage thought about the topic. The questions do not necessarily have correct or unequivocal answers but, in many cases, should lead to healthy debate. For that reason, no answers will be suggested. 

One of the biggest issues of TLC is the visualization and characterization of compounds resolved on the TLC plate. Although there is no problem with visualization of naturally colored or fluorescent compounds, these compounds are rare in the laboratory. Other compounds can be visualized with UV light or by using appropriate TLC-visualization reagents. These methods, however, provide only little information abont the nature of the compounds resolved on the TLC plate. For this reason, coupling of TLC with other techniques permitting better detection and characterization of componnds has become a subject of many research projects and scientific papers [5-6]. 

PL05 Apply scientific methods for a project of R D (research and development) nature. 

Mercy Karimi Njeru is a senior research scientist and head of the Health Systems Research Unit at the Centre for Public Health Research in the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI). She holds a PhD and her work has recently received global recognition as one the best resources in mixed methods applications in health research. She has been involved in various research projects mainly from a health systems perspective and has also been involved in mentoring and supervising graduate students. She has participated in research involving countries in sub-Saharan Africa as well as Europe and has published in peer-reviewed international scientific journals. 

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