Science, Scientisism and Engineering

It is also possible to search for the scientific capability of a society in this area. The greater the middle area, the less scientific is the society, becanse there are classical information and knowledge common among the people withont any interrogation on the scientific resnlts and deductions. Such a society cheats itself as being scientific and enlightened social unit. 

The evolution of scientific thoughts improves by time as in Fig. 5.4. Initially, as in Fig. 5.4a, almost all the spectrum of thoughts has the same level. 

Furthermore, Fig. 5.4c and d represent more evolutionary cases compared to Fig. 5.4a, in general, it is possible to consider Fig. 5.4e as a representative of today s information level in general. This is the shape that each society should strive to achieve for scientific and technological developments. 

The scientific inference engine is given in Fig. 5.5, where the input thoughts are sophisticated, complex and very uncertain including metaphysics, imaginations or some of them. 

In order to verify theories there are many different methods. Incomplete parts of the theory can be flUed with valid and additional interpretations, which provide a patchy complement for the old theory, but with time new ideas and thoughts may integrate these patches into the whole system towards the perfection of the theory, bnt stiU each theory remains at the falsiflable state. For any theory to have evolntion, it is necessary that there is a certain level of risk for its falsiflability. This implies that each theory has a certain level of risk it must be tested with care and with every means its falsiflability must be controlled continuously. Hence, the falsiflability principle is like a fuel for dynamic and innovative new theories or snggestions of completely new research directions. If one sticks to verifiability principle, then the scientiflc theories enter into the belief world of a person with hindrance to further development and at the end such theories may take the form of religious beliefs. It is, therefore, necessary to keep in mind that every scientiflc statement, hypothesis or theory is falsiflable. In its historical path falsiflability has been accepted as suspicious cases. 

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