Schrodinger, Erwin wave mechanics

J. P. Vigier, New theoretical implications of Neutron interferometric double resonance experiments, Int. Workshop on Matter Wave Interferometry in the Light of Schrodinger s Wave Mechanics (Vienna, Austria, Sept. 14-16, 1987) Physica B, C 151(1-2), 386-392 (1988), ISSN 0378-4363 (Conf. sponsor Hitachi Erwin Schrodinger Gesellschaft Siemens et al.). 

After finishing his first paper on the nature of the chemical bond, in 1931, Linus Pauling stopped basing his ideas on mathematical proofs. Chemists, he understood, were not trained to appreciate the difficult mathematics of quantum physics. To communicate with them, he developed his own theoretical style, made up in equal parts of a broad application of Erwin Schrodinger s wave mechanics, structural data from X-ray crystallography, other laboratory results from across the field of chemistry, and Pauling s own insights. 

Erwin Schrodinger (1887-1961). Austrian physicist. Schrodinger formulated wave mechanics, which laid the foundation for modern quantum theory. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933. 

Erwin Schrodinger proposes wave mechanical model of the atom. 

Erwin Schrodinger (1887-1961 Nobel Prize for physics 1932) transferred the concept of wave-particle duality of matter developed by L. V. de Broglie for electrons to the whole atom and thus developed wave mechanics. The Schrodinger equation allows a description of orbitals as the probability of the location of the electrons. Wave mechanics represented a significant development, but were subsequently shown to be insufficient. 

Having now demonstrated that a moving electron can be considered as a wave, it remained for an equation to be developed to incorporate this revolutionary idea. Such an equation was obtained and solved by Erwin Schrodinger in 1926 when he made use of the particle-wave duality ideas of de Broglie even before experimental verification had been made. We will describe this new branch of science, wave mechanics, in Chapter 2. 

Erwin Schrodinger developed an equation to describe the electron in the hydrogen atom as having both wavelike and particle-like behaviour. Solution of the Schrodinger wave equation by application of the so-called quantum mechanics or wave mechanics shows that electronic energy levels within atoms are quantised that is, only certain specific electronic energy levels are allowed. 

Once the mathematical formalism of theoretical matrix mechanics had been established, all players who contributed to its development, continued their collaboration, under the leadership of Niels Bohr in Copenhagen, to unravel the physical implications of the mathematical theory. This endeavour gained urgent impetus when an independent solution to the mechanics of quantum systems, based on a wave model, was published soon after by Erwin Schrodinger. A real dilemma was created when Schrodinger demonstrated the equivalence of the two approaches when defined as eigenvalue problems, despite the different philosophies which guided the development of the respective theories. The treasured assumption of matrix mechanics that only experimentally measurable observables should feature as variables of the theory clearly disqualified the unobservable wave function, which appears at the heart of wave mechanics. 

As integers always appear in Nature associated with periodic systems, with waves as the most familiar example, it is almost axiomatic that atomic matter should be described by the mechanics of wave motion. Each of the mechanical variables, energy, momentum and angular momentum, is linked to a wave variable by Planck s constant E = hu = h/r, p = h/X = hi), L = h/27r. A wave-mechanical formulation of any mechanical problem which can be modelled classically, can therefore be derived by substituting wave equivalents for dynamic variables. The resulting general equation for matter waves was first obtained by Erwin Schrodinger. 

A. Riiger, Atomism from cosmology Erwin Schrodinger s work on wave mechanics and space-time structure, Hist. Stud. Phil. Sci., 18 (1988) 377 - 401. 

The mathematical treatment of the Rutherford-Bohr atom was especially productive in Denmark and Germany. It led directly to quantum mechanics, which treated electrons as particles. Electrons, however, like light, were part of electromagnetic radiation, and radiation was generally understood to be a wave phenomenon. In 1924, the French physicist Prince Louis de Broglie (1892-1987), influenced by Einstein s work on the photoelectric effect, showed that electrons had both wave and particle aspects. Wave mechanics, an alternative approach to quantum physics, was soon developed, based on the wave equation formulated in 1926 by the Austrian-born Erwin Schrodinger (1887-1961). Quantum mechanics and wave mechanics turned out to be complementary and both were fruitful for an understanding of valence. 

Erwin Schrodinger Schrodinger equation Established the field of wave mechanics that was the basis for the development of the quantum model of the atom... 

Erwin Schrodinger (1926). The statement following his introduction of the charge and current densities and the quantum equation of continuity in his fourth paper on wave mechanics . 

The Schrodinger wave equation In 1926, Austrian physicist Erwin Schrbdinger (1887-1961) furthered the wave-particle theory proposed by de Broglie. Schrbdinger derived an equation that treated the hydrogen atom s electron as a wave. Remarkably, Schrbdinger s new model for the hydrogen atom seemed to apply equally well to atoms of other elements—an area in which Bohr s model failed. The atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves is called the wave mechanical model of the atom or, more commonly, the quantum mechanical model of the atom. Like Bohr s model,... 

Erwin Schrodinger, wave mechanics as quantum mechanics... 

By the mid-1920s it had become apparent that the Bohr model was not a valid one. A totally new approach was needed. Three physicists were at the forefront of this effort Werner Heisenberg, Louis de Broglie, and Erwin Schrodinger. The approach developed by de Broglie and Schrodinger became known as wave mechanics or, more commonly, quantum mechanics. As we... 

Erwin Schrodinger proposes a wave-mechanical model of the atom (with electrons represented as wave trains). 

Schrodinger. Erwin (1887-1961) Austrian physicist, who became professor of physics at Berlin University in 1927. He left for Oxford to escape the Nazis in 1933, returned to Graz in Austria in 1936, and then left again in 1938 for Dublin s Institute of Advanced Studies. He finally returned to Austria in 1956. He is best known for the development of wave mechanics and the Schrodinger equation, work that earned him a share of the 1933 Nobel Prize for physics with Paul Dirac (1902-84). 

V v / -I- 8T m[E- U) i/h = 0 where v / is the wave function, the Laplace operator (see Laplace equation), h the Planck constant, m the particle s mass, Eits total energy, and C/its potential energy. The equation can be solved exactly for simple systems, such as the harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom. It was devised by Erwin Schrodinger, who was mainly responsible for wave mechanics. 

A theory of atomic and molecular structure was advanced independently and almost simultaneously by three people in 1926 Erwin Schrodinger, Werner Heisenberg, and Paul Dirac. This theory, called wave mechanics by Schrodinger and quantum mechanics by Heisenberg, has become the basis from which we derive our modern understanding of bonding in molecules. At the heart of quantum mechanics are equations called wave functions (denoted by the Greek letter psi, if/). 

Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice (1902-84) English physicist. Dirac was one of the founders of quantum mechanics. In a remarkable series of papers in the second half of the 1920s he formulated quantum mechanics in a general way that incorporated the matrix mechanics of Werner HEISENBERG and the wave mechanics of Erwin SCHRODINGER as special cases. He shared the 1933 Nobel Prize for physics with Schrbdinger. 

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