Schedules retrospective detection

In the third part, methods for retrospective detection of exposure to toxic scheduled chemicals using mass spectrometric and immunochemical analysis methods are discussed. The described methods are applied to human origin samples. These methods are essential when in cases of use, or allegations of use, previous presence or absence of toxic chemicals need to be confirmed. Identification of CWC-related chemicals provides key supporting evidence of noncompliance with the CWC. 

Methods for the Retrospective Detection of Exposure to Toxic Scheduled Chemicals. Part A Analysis of Free Metabolites... 

Methods for the Retrospective Detection of Exposure to Toxic Scheduled Chemicals. 

Noort, D., Benschop. H.P., de Jong, L.P.A. (2001). Methods for retrospective detection of exposure to toxic scheduled chemicals an overview. Voj. Zdrav. Listy 70 14-17. 

Black RM, Noort D. Methods for the retrospective detection of exposure to toxic scheduled chemicals. Part A analysis of free metabohtes. In Mesilaakso M, ed. Chemical Weapons Convention Chemicals Analysis Sample Collection, Preparation, and Analytical Methods. Chichester, West Sussex, England John Wiley Sons 2(K)5 4()3 431. 

Noort D and Black RM (2005). Methods for the retrospective detection of exposure to toxic scheduled chemicals. Part B analysis of covalent adducts to proteins and DNA. In Chemical Weapons Conven-tionRelated Analysis (M Mesilaakso, ed.), pp. 433-451. Chichester, UK John Wiley Sons Ltd. 

Van der Schans et al., 2002). It is based on the rapid isolation of BChE from plasma by affinity chromatography, digestion with pepsin, and followed by liquid chromatography with toe mass spectrometric analysis of phosphylated nonapeptides. The method can be applied for the detection of exposures to various OP pesticides and nerve agents including soman. This approach is very valuable and represents a new field for the improvement of diagnosis with OPs. A comprehensive review of the methods for retrospective detection of exposure to toxic scheduled chemicals has been published by Noort et al. (2001, 2002). 

Multiple confounding issues make interpretation and comparison of these results difficult. Differences in MTX dose and schedule clearly may limit the reproducibility of studies. Furthermore, incomplete ascertainment of toxicity, particularly when performed retrospectively, may impact on study validity. Finally, modest and heteregenous sample sizes clearly limit the available statistical power to detect clinically meaningful differences in treatment response. 

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