Scanning probe, schematic illustration

Fig. 2.6. Schematic illustration of the experimental setup for pump-probe anisotropic reflectivity measurements with fast scan method. PBS denotes polarizing beam splitter, PD1 and PD2, a pair of matched photodiodes to detect p- and s-polarized components of the reflected probe beam, PD3 another photodiode to detect the interference pattern of He-Ne laser in a Michelson interferometer to calibrate the scanning of the pump path length...

Figure 49 Schematic illustration of the scanning reference electrode probe apparatus used by Isaacs. (From H. S. Isaacs. In Localized Corrosion, p. 158, NACE, Houston, TX, 1974.)...

Figure 50 Schematic illustration of the 2D scanning vibrating probe system used by Aldykewicz, et al. (From A. J. Aldykewicz, H. S. Isaacs, A. J. Davenport. J. Electrochem. Soc. 142, 3342 (1995).)...

Figure 14.9. Scanning electron micrographs and schematic illustrations of 2D (A) and 3D (B) gold nanowire electrodes. (C) Modification of the gold nanowire electrodes with thiolated probe DNA, subsequent hybridization of target DNA, and detection via electrocatalysis of Ru(lll)/Fe(lll).

Fig.S Schematic illustration of the principle of the scanning-electrode quartz crystal analyzer (SEQCA) operating in overscanning mode, with a small probe electrode on the polymer/solution loaded side of the resonator in underscanning mode, the full electrode and the small probe locations are reversed. (Reproduced from Ref [59] with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry.)...

The experimental sequence for fluorescence probe monitoring of epoxy cure kinetics or characterization of cure states is schematically illustrated in Fig. 1. In a typical epoxy cure experiment, the fluorescence emission spectrum of a probe-containing specimen is recorded at room temperature after each curing interval at the selected cure temperature. A parallel series of spectra is recorded of an epoxy specimen which does not contain the fluorescence probe. This reference series of fluorescence emission spectra is recorded to ascertain that the observed increase of fluorescence results solely from the increase of the fluorescence quantum yield of the probe. In some series of experiments the "degree of cure" (DOC) reached after each curing time interval was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as schematically shown in Fig. 1. 

Fig. 1.13. A schematic illustration of the spectroscopic techniques and the portion of the band structure that they probe. The techniques illustrated are ionization potential (IP) measmements, electron affinity measurements (Sa), Bremsstrahlrmg isochromat spectroscopy (BIS), Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS)...

Scanning Probe Microscopy. The scanning probe microscope (SPM) is a commercially available instrument (Nanoscope III, from Digital Instruments) that offers a relatively new means to distinguish continuous conductive pathways in disordered carbon-black-polymer composites. Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of how the SPM can be used to image carbon-black-polymer composites. 

Figure 31 Schematic illustration of RSNOM instrument constructed by the authors. E = exciting light, FP = fiber probe, DP = dithering piezo, DD = dither detection, LD = laser diode, PD = photodiode, SS = piezo XYZ scanning stage, TCO = transmission collection objective, RCO = reflection collection objective, M = mirror, RIMM = Raman imaging microprobe/microscope. The various movable mirrors allow the instrument to be operated in reflection or transmission modes and allow the operator to observe the probe-sample region through the collection optics this aids the coarse approach of the tip to the sample and helps optical alignment of the system.

Figure 19.6 Schematic illustration of a SNOM probe. The optical near-field confined in a nanometric area is generated around an aperture which is much smaller than the wavelength of light. The probe is scanned on the sample surface while monitoring the signal intensity.

Figure 12-1. Schematic diagram to illustrate double resonance techniques, (a) REMPI 2 photon ionization. The REMPI wavelength is scanned, while a specific ion mass is monitored to obtain a mass dependent SI <- SO excitation spectrum, (b) UV-UV double resonance. One UV laser is scanned and serves as a burn laser, while a second REMPI pulse is fired with a delay of about 100 ns and serves as a probe . The probe wavelength is fixed at the resonance of specific isomer. When the burn laser is tuned to a resonance of the same isomer it depletes the ground state which is recorded as a decrease (or ion dip) in the ion signal from the probe laser, (c) IR-UV double resonance spectroscopy, in which the burn laser is an IR laser. The ion-dip spectrum reflects the ground state IR transitions of the specific isomer that is probed by the REMPI laser, (d) Double resonance spectroscopy can also use laser induced fluorescence as the probe, however that arrangement lacks the mass selection afforded by the REMPI probe...

---