Scanning electron microscopy schematic

In contrast to many other surface analytical techniques, like e. g. scanning electron microscopy, AFM does not require vacuum. Therefore, it can be operated under ambient conditions which enables direct observation of processes at solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces. The latter can be accomplished by means of a liquid cell which is schematically shown in Fig. 5.6. The cell is formed by the sample at the bottom, a glass cover - holding the cantilever - at the top, and a silicone o-ring seal between. Studies with such a liquid cell can also be performed under potential control which opens up valuable opportunities for electrochemistry [5.11, 5.12]. Moreover, imaging under liquids opens up the possibility to protect sensitive surfaces by in-situ preparation and imaging under an inert fluid [5.13]. 

Alumina templates anodic, 169-170 processing anodic films, 170 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of porous, 171 schematic, 170... 

Nanochannel glass (NCG) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 173 schematic of fabrication, 173 template-assisted synthesis of nanowires, 172... 

Figure 28 Schematic representation and operating principles of Li batteries, (a) Rechargeable Li-metal battery (the picture of the dendrite growth at the Li surface was obtained directly from in situ scanning electron microscopy measurements), (b) Rechargeable Li-ion battery. (Ref 47. Reproduced by permission of Nature Publishing Group (www.nature.com))...

Figure 8 Schematic of the fabrication of hierarchical ordered oxides (a) (Reprinted from Ref. 179, 2001, with permission from Elsevier) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images (b, c, d), at different magnifications, of hierarchical ordered mesoporons sdica display a high-quality surface pattern ( 1000nm), which is made up of a macroporous ( 100nm) framework of cubic mesoporous silica ( 11 run), as shown in TEM image (e). (Reprinted with permission from P. Yang et al., Science, 1998, 282, 2244)...

Fig. 15.7 (a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of two intersected ZnO nanobelts. Raman intensity map of two nanobelts shown in (a), (b) E2 mode, (c) Ai(TO) mode, (d) Boolean map of the full width at the half maximum of the E2 mode, (e) intensity map of the silicon signal at 520 cm showing the modulation in different belts, (f) Schematic shows the waveguiding of the Raman scattered light from the substrate along the c-axis (Reprinted from [44])... 

Figure 1.5 Schematic depiction of traditional hght microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and scanning probe microscopy.

FIGURE 3.2 (A) Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of conductive polymer-coated hollow sulfur nanospheres. RT means room temperature. (B) and (D) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (C) and (E) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the hollow sulfur nanospheres before and after coating with polypyrrole (PPy). 

Fig. 7.18. Scanning electron microscopy pictnres of actual surface gratings (right) and a schematic illustration of the switching between the homeotropic state C and the low-tilt (planar) state D (left). For a symmetric grating (top) the (bulk) director of the planar state is parallel to the cell plane while for a blazed grating (bottom) it is pretilted. Modified from Jones, reproduced with kind permission of the Society for Information Display.

On-Chip Electrospray, Fig. 7 Scanning electron microscopy image (a) and schematic plan and side views (b) of the nib-like in-plane electrospray emitter tip fabricated in SU-8 epoxy using double-exposure lithography [20] (Reprinted with permission from [20])... 

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