Scanning electron microscopy monolayers

In the same year, Fulda and Tieke [75] reported on Langmuir films of monodisperse, 0.5-pm spherical polymer particles with hydrophobic polystyrene cores and hydrophilic shells containing polyacrylic acid or polyacrylamide. Measurement of ir-A curves and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the structure of the monolayers. In subsequent work, Fulda et al. [76] studied a variety of particles with different hydrophilic shells for their ability to form Langmuir films. Fulda and Tieke [77] investigated the influence of subphase conditions (pH, ionic strength) on monolayer formation of cationic and anionic particles as well as the structure of films made from bidisperse mixtures of anionic latex particles. 

Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy images of gold electrodes coated by the nanostructured TMPP/C12 monolayer after the electrochemical platinum deposition. The deposition charge was 41 and 160Cm for the left and right images, respectively. (Reprinted from Ref [18], 2005, with permission from Wiley-VCH.)...

One of the advantages of SAMs on smooth, reflective surfaces, is that reactions on these monolayers can be studied by a wide range of techniques including infrared spectroscopy 20 scanning electron microscopy (27), contact angle measurements (22), atomic force microscopy (AFM) (25), surface plasmon... 

Figure 3 Scanning electron microscopy of pleural mesothelial monolayer, (a) Resting pleural mesothelial monolayer (b) pleural mesothehal monolayer activated with malignant mesothelioma cells. Plates (a) and (b) are under 640 X magnification, and insert in plate (b) under 2500 X magnification.

Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images of (a) patterned polyacrylic acid (PAA), (b) patterned jxrlystyrene (PS) on patterned 11-amino-l-imdecanethiol hydrochloride (MUAM) (-NH3+)/octadecanethiol (ODT) (-CF13) monolayers. (Reprinted with permission from Wiley.)... 

Fujii et al. [13] studied morphological structures of the cross section of various hollow fibers and fiat sheet membranes by high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy. Figure 6.8 shows a cross-sectional structure of a flat sheet cellulose acetate RO membrane. The layer near the top surface is composed of a densely packed monolayer of polymeric spheres, which is supported by a layer formed with completely packed spheres. The contours of the spheres in the top layer can be observed. The middle layer is also composed of loosely packed and partly fused spheres, which are larger than the spheres in the surface layer. In the middle layer, there are many microvoids, the sizes of which are the same as the spheres. The layer near the bottom is denser than the middle layer, and the spheres are deformed and fused. Interstitial void spaces between the spheres, which may be called microvoids, are clearly observed. This structure seems common for the flat sheet as well as the hollow fiber membranes. For example. Fig. 6.9 shows a cross section of a hollow fiber made of PMMA B-2 (a copolymer containing methyl methacrylate and a small amount of sulfonate groups). The inside surface layer is composed of the dense structure of compactly packed fine polymeric particles. The particle structure of the middle layer... 

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was localised in the plasmalemma of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages (North 1966). Enzymatic activity could be removed from the cells by trypsin. While scanning electron microscopy of endothelial cells monolayers harvested using 0.25% trypsin or 0.125 % trypsin + 0.01 % EDTA failed to reveal any distinctive differences in their surface morphology (Kirkpatrick et al. 1986), bovine alveolar macrophages showed blebbing (Brehm 1996). 

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