Scanning electron microscopy metal deposition

Chong et al. [742] have described a multielement analysis of multicomponent metallic electrode deposits, based on scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence detection, followed by dissolution and ICP-MS detection. Application of the method is described for determination of trace elements in seawater, including the above elements. These elements are simultaneously electrodeposited onto a niobium-wire working electrode at -1.40 V relative to an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and subjected to energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis. Internal standardisation... 

D nanoribbons and nanowires of different metal-containing Pcs have also been prepared by organic vapor-phase deposition (OVPD), a technique used to fabricate organic millimeter-sized crystals, thin films, or nanostructures [211], Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TEM, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and absorption measurement studies have revealed that the morphology of the nanostructures was strongly dependent on the chemical nature of the deposited macrocycle, the nature and the temperature of the substrate, and the source-to-substrate distance. 

Another approach to deposit conducting polymers can be achieved by photochemical polymerization of the monomer precursors. This procedure provides a means by which different composites (metals and/or various alloy materials with or without biomolecules) can be deposited from an electrolyte onto a non-conducting surface. Such a procedure was optimized and applied for polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of metal nanoparticles [61]. Photopolymerized films containing metals analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM) appeared to be typical of amorphous polypyrrole in which bright Ag particles were found on the surface (Fig. 7.6). 

Thin films of Cu, Co and Ni on Si were prepared from different aqueous electrolytes containing sulfates of the respective metals as well as some supporting electrolyte/additive. Voltammetry and current transients were used to analyze the electrochemical aspects of the deposition. The electrodeposited layers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), magnetooptical Kerr effect (MOKE), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) as well as by electrical measurements. 

The research involves the development of techniques for deposition of porous catalyst layers by defining the conditions of pressure, sputter rates, and target configurations that will result in appropriate compositions and morphology for the catalyst layer. The effect of catalyst structure and composition on the activity of the catalyst layers will be characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and electrochemical polarization studies in half cells and full cells. New base metal and noble metal alloys and oxides will also be studied with an aim to identify new compositions that will result in enhanced activity. The catalyst activity target is 2500 mW/mg of anode catalyst. 

Catalysts were deposited on the char particles by evaporation from solution. Catalyst concentrations were 5 wt % metal. Catalyst distribution on the char was examined by electron microprobe and scanning electron microscopy. 

Analysis of deactivated samples of a Pt/AbOa catalyst by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicates that silicon is dispersed across the metal surfaces rather than on the alumina support material. In another study comparing Pt on different supports, it was impossible to determine whether deposition occurred on the silica or zeolite supports. ... 

Pb by ac electrochemical preparation while the alumina layers remained on the Al-substrate. Deposited metal wires were characterized by atomic force, scanning electron microscopy and Auger-spectroscopy. 

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