Scanning electron microscopy graphite electrode

The chemical diffusivity of lithium ions 0 + in the transition metal oxides and graphite is taken as 10 10 cm s [13, 97-100] on the basis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) inspections, the average radius R is estimated to be 1-10 pm. The electrochemically active area A a is calculated from the radius R, and the theoretical density of the particles considered assuming that A a is identical to the total surface area of the electrode comprised of the spherical particles. 

Vazquez L., Creus A. H., Cairo R, Ocon R, Herrasti R. etal. (1992), Scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations of the early stage of silver deposition on graphite single crystal electrodes , J. Phys. Chem., 96(25), 10454-60, doi 10.1021/jl00204a062. 

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