Scanning electrochemical microscopy direct mode

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) - Direct mode - Feedback mode - Generation/collection mode Scanning reference electrode technique (SRET) Scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) Scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy (SPECM) Scanning electrochemical induced desorption (SECMID)... 

Chemical sensitivity can be conferred to AFM by coating the tip with covalently linked monolayers which affect the tip-surface interaction the method is called chemical force microscopy [77]. Additional modulation of the piezo actuator operating in z-direction and evaluation of the force signal can be used to measure the adhesion force between a surface and a chemically modified AFM tip [78]. Metal coated AFM tips can be used in a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM, see p. 264) mode [79] in studies of crystal dissolution or growth where surface processes are associated with considerable fluxes of species. 

Sugimura H, Shimo N, Kitamura N, Masuhara H, Itaya K (1993) Topographical imaging of Prussian blue surfaces by direct-mode scanning electrochemical microscopy. J Electroanal Chem 346(1-2) 147-160. doi 10.1016/0022-0728(93)85009-6... 

Sugimura, H., Shimo, N., Kitamura, N., Masuhara, H. Topographical imaging of Prussian Blue surfaces by direct-mode scanning electrochemical microscopy, J. Electroanal Chem. 1993, 346, 146-160. 

Experimental approaches to bioelectrochemical systems include other techniques which introduce new environments for interfacial bioelectrochemical function. Introduction of single-crystal, atomically planar electrode surfaces has opened a basis for the use of the scanning probe microscopies, STM and AFM, also for biological macromolecules. Importantly this extends to the electrochemical STM mode where electrochemical surfaces, adsorbate molecules, and now also biological macromolecules can be mapped directly in their natural aqueous environment, with full electrochemical potential control in situ STM and... 

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