Scale drying process

Frit may be milled dry or wet. The long established dry process is used for cast iron baths and for chemical plant. Vitreous enamel application by a dry electrostatic method is being used on an increasing scale. In these cases, the frit is milled alone, or with inorganic colouring or refractory additives. This is achieved in cylinders using balls of porcelain, steatite or more dense alumina, or with pebbles of flint, to produce a fine powder of predetermined size. 

The checkers suspected that some product was lost during the drying process. Therefore, they purified the crude product by sublimation at 55° (0.15 mm.), which gave 3.76-3.84 g. (80-81%) of jV-trifluoro-acetanilide in half-scale runs (Note 6). 

Like other manganese lakes, P.R.63 2 may accelerate the drying process of oxidatively drying resin systems. Its full shade lightfastness, which matches step 6-7 on the Blue Scale, is good. The pigment reaches step 4-5 in white reductions (1/3 SD), which is considerably better than that of the corresponding calcium lake. 

However, in some cases scale-up involves a radical re-design of the original process to ensure it can be successfully transferred. For instance, when transferring spray drying processes from Buchi-type equipment to GEA Niro-type equipment there is limited transferrable knowledge that can be applied as the operating conditions are very different. 

The flue gas from municipal waste incinerator boilers contains SO2, and HCl. To remove these harmful components simultaneously by dry process, electron beam treatment method was investigated. The pilot-scale test was conducted in Matsudo, Japan, in 1992 with a flue gas of 1000 m /hr [34]. Recently, dioxins, namely, poly-chlorinated-di-benzo-paradioxins (PCDDs) and poly-chrorinated-di-benzo-furan (PCDFs), from incinerators have become a very serious problem because of their high toxicity. Pilot-scale tests to decompose dioxins by electron beam irradiation were conducted in Karlsruhe, Germany [35], and in Takahama, Japan [36], using almost the same capacity of flue gas, 1000 m /hr. Very promising results were obtained with decomposing more than 90% of dioxins. 

A QUASI-CONTINUOUS GRANULATION AND DRYING PROCESS (QCGDP) TO AVOID SCALE-UP PROBLEMS... 

Scale-Up Considerations Drying-Process Air Dew Point and Dry Bulb Temperature... 

To fluidize and thus granulate and dry the product, a certain quantity of process air is required. The volume of the air required will vary, based upon the amount of material that needs to be processed. The ratio of drying capacity of the process air and quantity of the product needs to be maintained constant throughout the scaling-up process. However, some suppliers of the equipment provide higher drying capacity for their laboratory unit... 

Considering the processing fundamentals of this dry process, almost all of the issues associated with the scale-up of more traditional film-coating processes are eliminated, and the key objective is to feed tablets directly from the tablet press into the electrostatic coating operation, and thence in to packaging. Thus, once the process is defined in terms of coating one tablet, it is replicated an appropriate number of times in order to coat all of the tablets in the batch. 

Quantitative Estimation by Sis Dry Method—Ae-saying.—The fourth sad last method of estimating the amount of gold in an ore or alloy, is by the use of fluxes and fire. It is therefore termed the dry method, and formerly even the separation of the silver was effected without a liquid solvent, by one or other of the dry processes described in connection with the operation of parting ou the large scale but now the agency of an acid solution is employed in the last part of the process. 

The advantages of this method are (i) it produces liposomes with high entrapment efLciency, (ii) the procedure s Lexibility may aid product stability as noted earlier, (iii) scale-up is possible, and (iv) the lyophile can be stored and rehydration can be done immediately before use. The drawbacks of the method are possible particle size instability of the liposome during the freeze-drying process and the high cost of the freeze-drying process. 

---