Saturated, meaning

The term saturated means that each carbon has as many atoms bonded to it as possible. We now explore cases where one or more carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon are bonded to fewer than four neighboring atoms. This occurs when at least one of the bonds between a carbon and a neighboring atom is a multiple bond. (See page 198 for a review of multiple bonds.)... 

Now suppose a saturated solution at temperature T is fed to a crystallizer operating at temperature Since it is saturated, the feed has a mole fraction of R equal to x . The maximum production rate of crystals occurs when the solution leaving the crystallizer is saturated, meaning that the crystal production rate, mprod, depends on the value of Ty... 

Phosphors for LEDs have to fuUiU rather harsh conditions. The Stokes Shift must be small, the absorption must be high and, in addition, as the excitation densities are of the order of 20 W cm (the area which emits Ught is much smaller than e.g. in fluorescent lamps), the luminescent materials must remain efficient up to high temperatures, should not show saturation (meaning a less than Unear increase in output power with input power at high excitation densities) and must be radiation stable. 

This is certainly the most widely used and most versatile moist-heat sterilization method. Accordingly, it is widely used not only for sterilization of pharmaceutical products but also for laboratory and hospital sterilization and for the treatment of medical devices. Nonetheless, it has significant limitations, especially in pharmaceutical use, which are described later. The sterilizing medium is obviously pure pressurized saturated steam. The word saturated means that the steam is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its liquid form (water) at the temperature being considered. 

A positive saturation means a compound will transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere, and a negative saturation means it will transfer from the atmosphere to the ocean. 

A term commonly applied to the vapor-liquid portion of the vapor-pressure curve is the word saturated, meaning the same thing as vapor and liquid in equilibrium with each other. If a gas is just ready to start to condense its first drop of liquid, the gas is called a saturated gas if a liquid is just about to vaporize, it is called a saturated liquid. These two conditions are also known as the dew point and bubble point, respectively. 

Bimolecular electron transfer proceeds by a number of steps prior and subsequent to the actual electron transfer, any one of which can become rate determining and cause the rate to saturate or plateau below the diffusion-controlled limit. Rate saturation means that the electron-transfer rate no longer increases with increasing driving force in limiting cases the rate also may become independent of the concentration of one of the reactants. 

Fatty acids can be saturated (meaning they have as many hydrogens bonded to their carbons as possible) or unsaturated (with one or more double bonds connecting their carbons, hence fewer hydrogens). A fat is solid at room... 

Sorptive saturation means that condition in which the chromatographic layer is in equilibrium with all components of the saturated gas space. This is a special case of pre-loading , namely its upper limit. 

Capillary saturation means the process of capillary filling of any free volume stiU remaining in the sorbent layer following pre-loading and the condition of the layer after completion of the development process. 

The steady-state NOE experiment involves irradiating the S spin with a radiofrequency field which is sufficiently weak that the I spin is not affected. The irradiation is applied for long enough that the S spin is saturated, meaning Sz = 0, and that the steady state has been reached, which means that none of the magnetizations are changing, i.e. (dfjdt) = 0. 

Surface % N2O saturation mean (range) Surface % CH4 saturation mean (range)... 

Fats contain hydrocarbon chains that are completely saturated, meaning that they have all carbon-carbon single bonds and contain the... 

Define a saturated solution. Does saturated mean the same thing as saying the solution is concentrated Explain. Why does a solute dissolve only to a particular extent in water How does formation of a saturated solution represent an equilibrium ... 

Scheme 5.8b depicts a saturated fatty acid, called palmitic acid, which is represented in the implicit cartoon with a skeleton without explicit notation of the C and H atoms. The term saturated means that there are no double bonds in the chain, and as can be seen beneath the structure, the chain is constructed from a click of one singleconnector HgC to 14 double-connector H2C fragments. The dangling connectivity of the last CH2 is in turn clicked to a single-connector COOH fragment. Palmitic acid is the most common fatty acid found in mammals, plants, and microorganisms. Excess carbohydrates in the body are converted to palmitic acid, and as a result, it is a major body component. As we drew it, the chain of palmitic acid is extended in shape, and therefore the many molecules of the acid can pack nicely together and... 

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that is, they contain only carbon-carbon single bonds. In this context, "saturated" means that each carbon has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to it. We often refer to alkanes as aliphatic hydrocarbons, because the physical properties of the higher members of this class resemble those of the long carbon-chain molecules we find in animal fats and plant oils (Greek aleiphar, fat or oil). 

Facilitated diffusion passive transport, the movement of specific compounds across a biomembrane from higher to lower concentration, but at a rate greater than simple diffusion. F. d. is saturable, meaning that above a certain concentration, the rate is not dependent on the substrate concentration. Furthermore, it is stereospecific and susceptible to competitive inhibition. Together, these properties indicate that the process is mediated by a carrier or pore protein in the membrane. F.d. differs from Active transport (see) in not requiring energy. A class of substances called lonophores (see) mimic the carriers of F.d. by making membranes permeable to certain ions. Antibiotics that act in this way are called transport antibiotics. 

For Bryan Higgins saturation means combination in definite proportions, which he says had not previously been explained. Acid fluid (hydrochloric acid gas) and alkaline fluid (ammonia gas), when mixed in the quantity necessary for their reciprocal saturation condense to solid sal ammoniac (he fails to mention Priestley) ... 

As yet, relatively few lanthanide alkyls have been isolated. Although LuRs (R = alkyl) systems would superficially be expected to be similar to main-group compounds such as aluminum alkyls, this is not observed in practice. The comparatively large size of the lanthanides is one factor in their not forming simple molecular alkyls, as their desire for coordinative saturation means that imsolvated species do not exist and tiiat in fact decomposition pathways are facihtated. 

Midplane potential Surface potential Surface density of surfactant Surface density at saturation Mean surface density of surfactant at a given level taken to be a function of the mean film thickness and the surfactant concentration Disjoining pressure Contribution to the disjoining pressure due to organization of water molecules Maximum disjoining pressure The maximum disjoining pressure when no short-range repulsive forces are present Electrical double-layer force per unit area... 

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons (the term saturated means that all the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds). 

Saturated means unable to hold or contain any more, and in the case of solutions it means unable to contain any more solute under the prevailing conditions of temperature and pressure. ... 

A type of lipid called a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long hydrocarbon chain. Fatty acids can be saturated, meaning they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms, or unsaturated, meaning they contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Saturated fatty acids experience greater inter-molecular forces, making them solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fatty acids are liquids. 

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