Sanitary ware

The slime, consisting of kaolin, fine quart2, and feldspar, is sometimes used as is after being dewatered. This material may be used in the manufacture of light-colored brick or may be further processed to produce a high grade ceramic kaolin used in the manufacture of dinnerware, electrical porcelain, or sanitary-ware (see Ceramics). Floes of kaolin may be sold in bulk from the drier or pulveri2ed and sold in a powdered form. 

Zirconium oxide is used in the production of ceramic colors or stains for ceramic tile and sanitary wares. Zirconia and siHca are fired together to form zircon in the presence of small amounts of other elements which are trapped in the zircon lattice to form colors such as tin—vanadium yellow, praseodymium—zircon yellow [68187-15-5] vanadium—zircon blue [12067-91 -3] iron—zircon pink [68412-79-3] indium—vanadium orange (105—108). 

The physical properties of the reinforced polyester product made from chopped glass are Hsted in Table 1. The chemical resistance varies according to the composition but is generally good. Its principal uses in building products are for sanitary ware, eg, tub-shower units, and for panels, especially translucent or cement-filled types for roofing and walls of commercial or industrial buildings. 

Sanitary ware, including tubs, showers, combined units, basins, and toilet tank, may be made of thermoformed ABS or acryHc sheet, molded glass-fiber-reinforced polyester, or cast acryHc resins. The glass-polyester type dominates the tub/shower market. It is possible to install the units as a two-component system, assembled in place. Gel coats may be of thermoformed decorative acryHc skins. To reduce the smoke generated by fire, methyl... 

Slip Casting. SHp casting (38,40—42,45,59—62), the process in which a cast is formed from a slurry using a porous mold, is used to form sinks and other sanitary ware, figurines, refractory cmcibles, porous thermal insulation, fine china, and complex shape stmctural ceramics such as multivane rotors. 

Any product that depends on aesthetics for consideration for purchase and use will be improved by the use of color. Hence, many ceramic products, such as tile, sanitary ware, porcelain enameled appHances, tableware, and some stmctural clay products and glasses, contain colorants. 

As described in the previous section, casting dispersions based on monomer and fine sand ru e now finding use in high-grade sanitary ware and tiling. 

China clay or kmlin, which is predominantly kaolinite, is particularly valuable because it is essentially free from iron impurities (and therefore colourless). World production in 1991 was 24.7M1 (USA 39%, UK 13%, Colombia, Korea and USSR 7% each). In the USA over half of this vast tonnage is used for paper filling or paper coating and only 130000 tonnes was used for china, crockery, and earthenware, which is now usually made from ball clay, a particularly fine-grained, highly plastic material which is predominantly kaolinite together with clay-mica and quartz. Some 800000 tonnes of ball clay is used annually in the USA for white ware, table ware, wall and floor tiles, sanitary ware, and electrical porcelain. 

Sanitats-. sanitary, hygienic, health, medical, -anstalt, /. health institute, -geschirr, n. sanitary ware. -koUegium, n. board of health, -pflege, /. sanitation, -polizel, / sanitary police. 

Tableware, drinking tumblers, cutlery, jars and beakers, storage containers for foods... Bathroom fittings, electric toothbrushes, toothbrush handles, sanitary ware, soap dispensers, shower cubicle, shelves...

Bathroom fittings, sanitary ware, soap dispensers, shower cubicles, shelves... 

Sanitary ware, paper towel and soap dispensers, bathroom cabinets, shelves. .. 

Plasters made from hemiliydrate also find applications in many orthopedic and dental materials and sanitary wares. 

A suspension is a mixture which arises when solid particles are mixed optimally in a liquid. The suspended solid particles have a diameter of appr. 200-0.5 nm and the mixture is also called a colloidal dispersion . The liquid is the medium of dispersion. A clay suspension is suitable for the production of so-called hollow, non-rotation symmetrical articles, such as sanitary ware. Until the beginning of the 20th century these products were made by beating the clay into plaster of paris moulds, the so-called dies. Gradually people discovered not only the physically and chemical properties of suspensions but also how to change them and thus the technique of clay moulding developed and complicated shapes could be made. The science of colloid chemistry has been essential here. In the field of technical ceramics the moulding technique is also applied with other raw materials than clay. 

In Maastricht in The Netherlands two fine ceramic factories can be found SPHINX which has three divisions SANITARY WARE, TILES and TECHNICAL CERAMICS and MOSA which produces PORCELAIN. 

Among other things Sphinx sanitary ware manufactures washbasins and lavatory pans by means of slip casting. The moulds must be able to absorb a lot of water, for example 3 to 4 kg for a single basin. 

In solid solutions, rare earths impart colour to the solutions due to their electronic configurations. This property has been profitably used in the manufacture of ceramic pigments which are extensively used in colouring of wall and floor tiles, table-ware and sanitary-ware. Cerium and praseodymium are extensively used in ceramics pigments. The shades that result due to the use of cerium and praseodymium are yellow, orange and green. 

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