Sandwich plate system structures

The spiral-wound module is in fact a plate-and-frame system wrapped around a central collection pipe, similar to a sandwich roll. The basic structure of this module is illustrated in Fig. 10. Membrane and permeate-side spacer material are then glued along three edges to build a membrane envelope. The feed-side spacer separating the top layer of the two flat membranes also acts as a turbulence promoter. The feed flows axial through the cylindrical module parallel along the central pipe and the permeate flows radially toward the central pipe. In order to make the membrane length shorter, several membrane envelopes are wound simultaneously. The spiral-wound module is featured by... 

A discussion will be given of electronic currents through sandwich structures of the type tantalum (or other substrate metal)/oxide film/metal counterelectrode. The thickness of the oxide film has varied from 25 to 5000 A. The counterelectrode has usually been deposited on the oxide by evaporation, but pressure contacts, mercury droplets, and electroless plating have also been used. The behavior of the system metal/oxide/electrolytic solution is more difficult to interpret and little can be added to a previous article. Even with the simple metal/insulator/metal system there is disagreement about which mechanisms control the current under the various conditions of temperature, thickness, and field. However, recent work has clarified the picture with regard to the choice of mechanisms, and experimental results are beginning to accumulate. Some effects, such as the negative resistance, which has been observed with films which have been subjected to a preliminary breakdown, can be explained only very tentatively. 

Figure 4 shows a schematic of the detector positions in the CARPT Facility which consists of the column, the detector support structure and the signal processing and data acquisition system. The set-up consists of 16 Nal detectors (2.54 x 2.54 cm crystals) positioned around the bubble column at known locations. The column makes use of a Plexiglass plenum which can accommodate test sections of various diameters. A stainless steel porous plate distributor with an average pore size of 40 pim is sandwiched between the two sections. A positioning device was fabricated and attached to the top of the column for calibration purposes. Air to the column is supplied by a compressor and the flow rate is monitored by three parallel rotameters. 

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