Sample processing, automated

WlO. Westlake, G., McKay, D. K., Surh, P., and Seligson, D., Automatic discrete sample processing automation in a clinical laboratory based on discrete sample handling and computerised data processing. Clin. Chem. 15, 600-610 (1969). 

Air pollution sampling methods may be classified in three categories based on the temporal patterns of the sampling process automated continuous sampling, cumulative sampling, and grab sampling. 

The quahty of an analytical result also depends on the vaUdity of the sample utilized and the method chosen for data analysis. There are articles describiag Sampling and automated sample preparation (see Automated instrumentation) as well as articles emphasizing data treatment (see Chemometrics Computer technology), data iaterpretation (see Databases Imaging technology), and the communication of data within the laboratory or process system (see Expert systems Laboratory information managet nt systems). 

W. Haasnoot, M. E. Ploum, R. J. A. Paulussen, R. Schilt and F. A. Huf, Rapid determination of clenbuterol residues in urine by high perfoi mance liquid cliromatography with on-line automated sample processing using immunoaffinity chromatography , 7. Chromatogr. 519 323-335 (1990). 

HPLC is extremely useful in monitoring and optimizing industrial processes. Conventional process monitors measure only bulk properties, such as the temperature and pressure of a reactor, while HPLC permits continuous realtime monitoring of consumption of starting materials, product composition, and impurity profile. There are a number of new initiatives relevant to HPLC for process monitoring, including sample preparation, automation, miniaturization, and specialized detectors. 

Hybrid systems which have been used to determine metals in solids include ETV-ICP, spark-MIP, spark-flame, arc-flame, laser-flame, laser-ETA and laser-DCP. ETV-ICP-MS is a solid sampling process which is automated, multi-element with high detection power, and amongst the best currently achieved. 

C. Tempst, P Serum peptide profiling by magnetic particle assisted automated sample processing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 1560-1570. 

A fully automated on-line SPE-HPLC-MS-MS method was developed and validated for the direct analysis of 14 antidepressants and their metabolites in plasma by de Castro et al. [75]. After direct injection of 50pL of plasma without prior sample pre-treatment, gradient RP separation was completed in 14 min, with a sample throughput of 3h. LOQs were estimated to be at 10 ng/ mL. Analytes proved to be stable during sample process with the exception of clomipramine and norclomipramine. 

Typical FDC setup requires manual sampling with little opportunities for process automation. 

INSIGHT has been designed to easily adapt to process automation. Conductance measurements and sample loading can both be automated using standard robotics. 

This means for improvement concerns the experimental procedures that are used to collect and analyze the calibration samples. In PAC, sample collection can involve either a highly automated sampling system, or a manual sampling process that requires manual sample extraction, preparation, and introduction. Even for an automated data collection system, errors due to fast process dynamics, analyzer sampling system dynamics, non-representative sample extraction, or sample instability can contribute large errors to the calibration data. For manual data collection, there are even more error sources to be considered, such as non-reproducibility of sample preparation and sample introduction to the analyzer. 

Parallel processing Visualization Automation Information and sample processing (throughput) Efficiency and productivity... 

ASE—also referred to as pressurized fluid extraction (PFE)—offers an order of magnitude of additional reductions in solvent use with faster sample processing time, and with the potential of automated, unattended extraction of multiple samples. Briefly, with ASE a solid sample is enclosed in a cell containing an extraction solvent after the cell has been sealed, the sample is permeated by... 

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