Sample collection strategy study design

Climatic fluctuations, long-term usage trends and agronomic practices can dramatically affect the characteristics of the monitoring data obtained from a field study, and this in turn affects the degree to which the study can be utilized to generalize about the environmental impacts of use of the pesticide. Surface water programs should be multi-year studies if one intends to address adequately the variability of pesticide 

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Passive biomonitoring was applied to estimate the air quality in the La Spezia district, Italy, with regard to a coal-fired power plant and other industrial activities (Nimis et al., 1990). The lichen Parmelia caperata collected from Olea sativa trees was meant to biomonitor the SO2 pollution in the study area. The method, adopted by Nimis et al., was designed to avoid subjectivity, to begin with the strategy of sampling and end with the analysis of data. The applied index, based on frequency of species... 

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