Sample apertures table

An appropriate selection of the maximum useful magnification of an optical microscope for a given sample is also important. The magnification of the microscope is the product of the objective-eyepiece combination. As a rule of thumb, the maximum useful magnification for the optical microscope is 1,000 times the numerical aperture. Table 1.4 summarizes the maximum useful magnification and the eyepiece required for different objectives. 

Focused X-ray beam (at Beam Line 15A) was used for this study. In order to improve the resolution, the focused beam (about 1 x 1.5 mm) was cut into 0.9-0.5 mm O by apertures which were set just in front of the cell. Modulation frequency was 10 Hz. Scanning X-Y stage which was originally developed for the laser microscopy was set perpendicular to the surface of the iron-base table and scanning and data acquisition were controlled by PC-9801 VM2 microcomputer (NEC Co. Ltd.) with the original program Various size and shape of metal foils were glued on the paper to have a model patterned sample. 

Table 9 shows the results of the sieve analysis obtained for a sample of a FCC1 powder. The values reported in the first two columns of the table are the standard diameters of the sieve apertures. From these the mean diameter dp is obtained for each two adjacent sieve sizes and the values are reported in the third column. From the mass fraction of powder in each sieve (values in the fourth column) the weight percentage is obtained and reported in the fifth column. Thus, the sum of the mass fraction over the mean diameter allows the calculation of the volume-surface mean particle diameter of the distribution using Equation (1) ... 

For example, FT-Raman spectrometers have relatively large input apertures and etendue, and can often collect light reasonably efficiently from an unfocused laser spot. It is possible to position the smaller laser mirror in Figure 6.4A on the sample side of LI, allowing the laser to be unfocused or at least less tightly focused. If the laser spot is 1 mm instead of 100 pm, the power density decreases by a factor of 100 (Table 6.1). This procedure generally causes loss of signal compared to the focused case, but by a factor much smaller than 100. 

The degree to which the sampling depth is restricted by a confocal aperture is a fairly complex function of objective power and NA, as well as the position and size of the confocal aperture. Some experimental observations of sampling depth for two microscope configurations are listed in Table 11.4. The... 

The scanning alpha detector SADSAC was constructed at Argonne National Laboratory and consisted of a proportional counter whose aperture was a slit of. 005" wide. The sample was placed on a movable table and advanced under the slit in a regular manner 0.010" at a time by a micrometer arrangement. A scaler and timing device completed the system. Counts were made at appropriate intervals and the total recorded as a function of position on the sample. 

Nonlinear absorption measurements of the samples have shown that nonlinear absorption took place only in the glasses with MN. Fig. 1 shows decreasing of T(z) at the focal point in an open-aperture scheme that demonstrates strong nonlinear absorbance. Calculated values of Rex and are presented in Table 1. 

A set of typical electronic zone-sensing data are given in Table 4.1. The sample volume from the crystallizer was 1 ml and it was diluted into 100 ml of electrolyte. A sample of 0.1 ml was drawn through the aperture to record the particle numbers given in Table 4.2. Therefore, the basis for the particles is... 

The entire microprobe setup is positioned on a movable granite table. Compound refractive lenses are used for focusing to a routinely achievable spot size of 1-2 pm vertically and 12-15 pm horizontally. The intensity of the incoming, the focused, and the transmitted beam is monitored by ionization chambers and photodiodes. A miniature ionization chamber with an aperture of 50 pm diameter as an entrance window was developed at the ESRF for measuring the intensity of the focused beam close to the sample (Somogyi et al. 2003). The characteristic X-ray line intensities are detected with a Si(Li) detector of 30 mm active area, 3.5 mm active thickness, and 8 pm thick Be window placed at 90° to the incoming linearly polarized X-ray beam. Fast scanning XRF measurements (>0.1 s live time/spectrum) are possible. 

Consulting the British Standards Screen Scale in Appendix 5, the nominal aperture sizes in micrometers are tabulated versus the weight retained. Then, the fractions retained on each of the sieves used in the test can be listed as percentage of the original test sample weight, and finally as the oversize cumulative percentages (i.e., running totals). The results of these calculations can be tabulated on a second table (Table 2.8). 

The illustration of Westrik s first-stage results was realized by dark-field TEM data obtained on a series of kerogens (Table 1.8, column 1). High-resolution dark-field analysis was performed subsequently by Bouhnier and Villey [66,76,78,94,95] they explored radially the SAD patterns with a small objective aperture (see Section 1.1.3.5). In all samples, they found the development of an increasing number of tiny bright domains (<1 nm) for specific positions of the... 

Adjust the number of particles in the seawater sample so that there are less than the number causing a 5% coincidence see Table XVII). For aperture sizes not shown in Table XVII coincidence may be approximated from the expression... 

An assessment of spectral noise was made for data collected at both the AS-IRM and the SRC IRENI beamlines. The details of the measurements are provided in Table 15.1. root mean squared (RMS) noise was determined from 2450 to 2550 cm" for individual spectra, after converting the data from absorbance to percentage transmission. Three spectra were selected in each case. In sum, the two facilities produce similar quality spectral data for 4 X 4 pm sample-projected pixels (aperture based on RS spectromicroscopy and binned WF spectromicroscopy) measuring eight co-added scans for the AS-IRM data, and 64 co-added scans for IRENI data, the latter to overcome the noisier characteristics of the FPA detector. When collecting 64 scans at the AS-IRM beamline, the RMS noise level at 4 X 4 pm aperture and 6 cm resolution was reduced to 0.022% as expected. 

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