Salvia sclarea sclareol

Sclareol 114 (Structure 4.35), a ditertiary glycol, is a constituent of clarysage Salvia sclarea) oil [56, 57]. The diterpene ketone sclareolide 115 and the lactone ambrox 116 are important (bio)synthetic derivatives found in clarysage extract. 

The GC-MS and HPLC analyses of oils from Salvia sclarea provided a comparative analysis profile of different plant materials. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (e.g., germacrene D and (3-caryophyllene), monoterpene alcohols (e.g., ot-terpineol), diterpenoids (mainly sclareol), monoterpene hydrocarbons (e.g., myrcene, limonene, and the two ocimene isomers), and the principal components (linalyl acetate and linalool) were analyzed. 

Sclareol, a natural product first isolated from the essential oil of Salvia sclarea L. (Labiatae) in 1931, is used for diverse applications in the perfumery and flavoring industries and in folk medicine. This diterpene has been described recently to be hydroxylated by three strains, i.e. Cunninghamella sp., Septomyxa affinis 66 and Mucor plumbeus 67, 68, leading essentially to hydroxylation reactions on the A ring of this compound (Fig. 16.1-12). Some of these metabolites could be used for further synthesis of some biologically active targets or as mammalian metabolism models. 

The diterpenes are discussed in connection with the mono- and sesquiterpene derivatives with which they are closely related according to modern ideas of biosynthesis. Brieskorn s team [24, 24 a] has studied the bitter tasting picrosalvin in Salvia species. It is a diterpene-o-diphenol lactone [24 a] which occurs also in other Labiatae. Nicholas [180] has worked likewise on Salvia sclarea and utilised successfully two-dimensional TLC on sihea gel G layers. He used ethyl acetate as solvent and was able to justify the hypothesis about the incorporation of into sclareol. 

The labdane family of diterpenoids offer an attractive source of feedstocks for synthesis as they share the same substitution pattern and stereochemistry around the naphthalene ring system. The residues from distillation of the essential oil of Clary Sage Salvia sclarea) contain 50% by weight sclareol (378) and this is the major starting material for 3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyldodecahydronaphtho[2,l- >]furan synthesis. The production routes are shown in Fig. 8.68. 

In this regard, ethyl lactate is being studied as exlraetion solvent of food compounds. Several reported potential applications are related with the exlraetion of earotenoids fi om different plant matrix, " with extraetion of eaffeine from green eoffee beans and green tea leaves, the fractionation of edible oil eompounds (squalene and toeopherol ), the extraction of sclareol fi om the leaves of Salvia sclarea Lamiaeeae, the extraetion of y-linolenic acid from Spirulina microalgae the extraction of phytosterols fi om eom fiber and the extraetion of the essential oil from different speeies of thyme. ... 

A significant example of hydroxylation reactions of cyclic terpenic compounds is illustrated by the microbial metabolism of sclareol. Sclareol 14, a labdane diterpene, can be easily isolated from the essential oil of Salvia sclarea L. (Labiatae) (clary sage oil) or... 

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