Salt form correction factor

The salt form correction factor ( its utility in pharmacokinetics... 

It is important to realise that for this drug, use of the quinidine gluconate salt without use of the salt form correction factor can introduce a 38% error in the dose and, consequently, in the drug plasma concentration. 

A specific example from this patent was discussed in Chapter 8 where it was offered that extraction of carboxylic acids from solutions of pH greater than pK was not a very attractive process because all the anion is not converted to the acid form by action of the carbonic acid equilibrium. The absffact of the patent states that CO2 will react with the salt to form the (free) carboxylic acid which can dissolve in CO2. That is suictly correct, but we always suggest that the absolute values be examined to determine such factors as yield and distribution coefficient. 

Other important factors are the pH of the reaction mixture, as systematically demonstrated, for example, in the synthesis of the two MIL series MIL-96, -100, -110 and MIL-118, -120, -121.The compounds can only be obtained as phase pure products when the pH of the starting mixture is precisely adjusted to the correct values. An example for the influence of the AT+ salt is found in the synthesis of CAU-1 and A1-MIL-53-X derivatives. While the use of Al(N03)3-xH20 results in the formation of MIL-53-NH2, CAU-1 is only formed under identical reaction conditions when A1C13-6H20 is used. Optimized reaction conditions for differently functionalized Al-MIL-53 materials were shown to necessitate the use of different AF+ salts. ... 

The use of Equation 3.2 and Equation 4.1 requires the value of CMC of a micelle-forming surfactant obtained under strictly reaction kinetic conditions. Very often, the values of CMC used are obtained by various physical methods, under experimental conditions not strictly similar to the reaction kinetic conditions. It is well known that CMC values are affected by various factors such as ionic strength, specific salt, specific solubilizate, and mixed aqueous-nonaque-ous solvent. Recently, attempts have been made to determine CMC under strictly reaction kinetic conditions by the use of a graphical method and an iterative method. However, similar to other physical methods, graphical and iterative methods also have limitations and, hence, one has to use intelligent choice to use the correct method for the determination of CMC value under reaction kinetic conditions. 

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