Salt character

In the hands of Collie and Tickle in 1899 this reaction gave the first crystalline pyrylium salts. The salt character of the compounds was proved by conductivity measurements the basicity of 2,6-dimethylpyrone was found to be a little higher than that of urea. Basicities of other pyrones decrease in the order 2,6-dimethyl-> 2-phenyl-6-methyl-> 2,6-diphenylpyrone, paralleling the dipole moments. These hydroxypyrylium salts hydrolyze in water to pyrones. " The formation of salts of 2,6-dimethylpyrone with organic acids was investigated by Kendall,and with mineral acids by Cook. 11 ... 

The binaphthol 13 is different from 1 and 7 owing to the lower acidity of its functional groups. Therefore, crystalline complexes of 13 with amines (see Table 3) are not expected to have a salt character. The 13 imidazole 1 2 complex (Fig. 22)81) was studied in the light of the general interest in this guest partner and its relation to alcohol functions in biological ensembles. The host molecule adopts ideal twofold... 

As a result of their salt character, (3-naphthol pigment lakes are faster to solvents and more resistant to migration than (3-naphthol pigments, but also less light-fast. They are only moderately fast to alkaline agents. The polar character of these pigments is responsible for their good heat stability. 

Fullerenes can be easily chemically reduced by the reaction with electropositive metals [1, 97-99], for example, alkali- and alkaline earth metals. The anions Cjq"" (n = 1-5) can be generated in solution by titrating a suspension of in liquid ammonia with a solution of Rb in liquid ammonia [100], whereupon the resulting anions dissolve. Monitoring of this titration is possible by detecting the characteristic NIR absorption of each anion by UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy. The solubility of the alkali metal fullerides in the polar solvent NHj demonstrates their salt character. 

Amide should be first transformed to its hydrochloride in order to cut down the formation of a-chloro-jf(-chlorocarbonyl enamines 72,73). The method is very general but the choice of experimental conditions and of the base is critical and yields may vary strongly depending on the case (39). There is also one side-reaction which can hardly be avoided the ynamine already formed reacts with the yet unreacted amide chloride, the a-chloroenamine 70) or even with the tert-amine hydrochloride to form the very stable cyclobutene cyanines and/or allenamidinium salts. These by-products have an interest of their own and will be discussed later. Formation of these salts may strikingly lower the yield of ynamines, but because of their salt character they are not harmfull during the work-up72). 

One particular helpful tool in the detailed study of SO-SA interactions can be the X-ray crystal structure analysis of SO-SA co-crystals which may be more easily obtained due to the salt character of the SO-SA complex, which may improve crystallization properties. 

Esters or Ethereal Salts.—The metal salts of alcohol are not of special importance, but the ethyl salts of acids are extremely important compounds. These salts in which the ethyl radical acts as a metal are called esters or ethereal salts. While the name ethereal salt is perhaps the best and most significant, as it indicates the salt character of the compound, the name ester will be used as it has been generally adopted. The reaction given is a general reaction of alcohols. The general formula for ester being R—(Acid R) or an alkyl radical joined to an acid radical. 

What now is the constitution of these diazo compounds The facts thus far considered and which must be explained by an accepted constitutional formula are, (i) Their formation by the action of nitrous acid on a primary- amine, (2) Their conversion into azo, amino azo, hydroxy azo and hydrazine compounds and (3) the basic character of the hydroxy compound, diazo benzene, and the true salt character of the compounds formed with strong acids. 

Kekule Formula.—These facts led Kekule to suggest a second formula in which the nitrogen atoms are both trivalent and in the same relationship to each other and the ring as they are in azo benzene. The formula is CeHs—N=N—Cl, benzene diazonium chloride. For some time this was the accepted formula for, if we put it in the reactions which we have written for the formation of diazo compounds and for their conversion into azo compounds and into hydrazines, we find that it is satisfactory. It does not agree, however, with the true salt character of benzene diazonium chloride nor the strongly basic nature of the hydroxide compound, the free diazo benzene. In every respect the neutral salts, e.g., benzene diazonium chloride and the free diazo... 

Molecular complexes between substituted anilines and some hydroperoxides are mainly due to the OOH N hydrogen bonding interaction, as tested by infrared absorption spectral data121. In CCI4 solution there is evidence for the presence of both O—H N and O H—N interactions. The predominance of one of these types of interaction is affected by the structure of the hydroperoxide and by the substituent bonded to the phenyl ring of aniline. The high acidity of some hydroperoxides, such as 1,1-diphenylhydroperoxide and a-cumyl hydroperoxide, is responsible for the salt character of the formed N+—H O ion pair. 

Crystalline addition compounds of alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones with Bronsted and Lewis acids have been known since the middle of the last century. They were long considered unstable molecular compounds 152 Collie and Tickle153 were the first to assign oxonium salt character to the acid complexes as containing a tetravalent oxygen, analogous to the ammonium salts in which nitrogen at that time was assumed to be pentavalent ... 

This species as well as the salt character of some of its derivatives have long been known. ° Structure 51 has been studied by UV-visible and IR spectroscopies. Its NMR spectrum in solution was reported in 1959 and its features carefully discussed in 1966. The C NMR spectrum in superacid solution was also reported in 1964. " It has also been obtained in the solid state, trapped in a zeolite. The NMR spectra of a number of other triaryl and heteroaryl ions have also been reported. ... 

TUTIA SALT POTASH SALNITER MINERAL SALT CHARACTERS OF EL. LIME OP EGGSHELL BRASS COPPER... 

To this day relatively little attention has been paid to our hypothesis, put forward in 1982, that the poor processing properties are closely associated with the polymeric salt character and cannot therefore be considered in isolation from conductivity (a salt displays spatially separated positive and negative charges in the case of polyaniline the former are located on every second monomer unit, the negative counter-ions on certain sites in their vicinity). Since these substances cannot be dissolved, we sought to disperse them in a suitable medium—the matrix . 

Metals and alloys in the solid state usually form metal bonds and preferentially crystallize in the described closed packed structures. Nevertheless, some metal like compounds have a salt character, e.g., Zintl phases. 

On curve dependences of a pressure on relative lengthening for compositions on a basis diphenylolpropane polymer also at the contents of small quantities phosphinic acids there is a displacement of curves in area of high values Ob- At transition from phosphinic acids to her potassium salt character of influence phosphororganie eompounds on mechanical properties the block-eopolyester does not vary. Optimmn concentration are small additives potassium phosphinate. But, as against the aeid, at her use potassium salts of value of the module of elasticity in all a concentration interval are lower, and the maximal relative lengthening is higher, than in a ease phosphinic acids. It is possible to explain greater polarity P-O-K - bond in a molecule phosphinate, in comparison with P-O-H - bond in a molecule of the acid. 

By comparing C chemical shift and CSA and chemical shift data it has been demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate the cocrystal or salt character of an adduct. 

Meyer [28] writes Staudinger assumes that association to form molecular groups or micelles has only been determined with soaps, that hold a special position because of their salt character. We would like to draw attention to the fact that they can be detected in all higher-molecular compounds [...] (quoted by [15], p. 96). 

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