Salivary monitoring

Urinary Metabolite Monitoring 28 Salivary Monitoring 29 VALIDATION OF PASSIVE DOSIMETRY 30 Atrazine 30 Chlorpyrifos 31... 

Lu, C., L.C. Anderson and R.A. Fenske (1997a). Determination of Atrazine Levels in Whole Saliva and Plasma in Rats Potential of Salivary Monitoring for Occupational Exposure, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 50, 101-111. 

The prototype of this class is hirudin, which was originally isolated from the salivary glands of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Hirudin itself is not commercially available, but recombinant technology has permitted production of hirudin derivatives, namely lepirudin and desirudin.29,38,41 Lepirudin has a short half-life of approximately 40 minutes after IV administration and 120 minutes when given SC. Elimination of lepirudin is primarily renal therefore, doses must be adjusted based on the patient s renal function. The dose should be monitored and adjusted to achieve an aPTT ratio of 1.5 to 2.5 times the baseline measurement. Lepirudin is currently approved for use in patients with HIT and related thrombosis. Up to 40% of patients treated with lepirudin will develop antibodies to the drug.29,38,41... 

A second animal model uses H-ros transgenic mice (Oncomouse ) which spontaneously develop mammary and salivary tumors.97 This model is considered to be more relevant to human cancer in that tumor initiation and growth is endogenous, in contrast to nude mouse tumor explants. Mice with palpable tumors between 50 and 350 mm3 were treated with either the ester prodrug 18c (40 mg/kg, once daily, s.c.) or vehicle, and the size of the tumors monitored over time.44 While... 

Measurement of steroids in sahva is noninvasive and suitable for the collection of frequent, samples. Serial monitor-ing of estradiol has been used for clinical diagnosis and treatment of infertile women with anovulatory cycles, during in vitro fertilization, or when monitoring hormone replacement therapy of postmenopausal women. Because salivary concentrations of estradiol closely reflect the free fraction of the steroid in plasma, the concentration in sahva is only 1% to 2% of the concentration in blood (1 to 36 pmol/L in nonpregnant women). Hence this requires a sensitive assay for accurate measurement. 

Bolaji II, Tallon DP, Meehan FP, O Dwyer EM, Fottrel PF, The return of postpartum fertility monitored by enzyme-immunoassay for salivary progesterone. Gynecol Endocrinol 1992 6 37-48. 

F in site-specific plaque samples was investigated by Vogel et al. [27]. These researchers monitored F in individual samples of plaque fluid using a specially developed micro-analytical technique [28], Their results were largely consistent with those of Weatherell et al. [25], F concentrations following application of a NaF rinse (910 ppm F) were highest in plaque taken from the upper incisors and were similar in plaque taken from molar sites on either side of the mouth. Vogel et al. [27] noted that the upper incisors had been observed to be a site with slow salivary clearance in a study by Lacomte and Dawes [29]. 

Seo Y, Murakami M. 1991. Monitoring of intracellular immonium in perfused rat salivary gland by nitrogen-14 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Proc R Soc London,Ser B 244(1311) 191-196. 

Rugg-Gunn etal (1975) provided the first evidence that cheese consumption had an anticariogenic effect in humans. They showed that the consumption of Cheddar cheese after sweetened coffee or a sausage roll increased plaque pH, possibly due to increased salivary output. Similar effects were reported by Imfeld et al (1978) who used a more sophisticated continuous wire telemetry procedure to monitor variations in plaque pH. 

Lawrence, H. P. Salivary markers of systemic disease noninvasive diagnosis of disease and monitoring of general health. J Can Dent Assoc, 68 170-174, 2002. 

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