Saffron substitute

The sodium salt of a dinitrocresol formerly came into commerce under the name Victoria Yellow or Saffron substitute [5]. 

Food. Howers primarily used as mildly saline flavoring and coloring saffron substitute. 

Annatto provides color in cheese, butter, margarine, and microwave popcorn. It is often used as a substitute for the expensive herb saffron. It also has antioxidant properties. 

Ground turmeric rhizome is one of the main ingredients in curry powder. Its bright yellow color makes it a natural substitute for the much more expensive herb saffron. 

Substituted and/or unsaturated lipophilic chains, such as carotenoids, are also available and can be combined with two sugars polar ends affording neutral surfactants like crocin 14, a natural carotenoid disaccharide (ca. 25 per cent of saffron) (Fig. 7.30) [67]. 

The high sensitivity and simplicity of fluorescence spectroscopy justify the common use of this technique in these fields. It has been widely applied to characterizing citric juices and investigating their alteration, such as the adulteration of lemon oil with grapefruit oil. While grapefruit oil contains an ether of umbelliferone, which is released on acid hydrolysis, lemon oil contains other nonfluorescent hydroxycoumarins. The adulteration of saffron, which is relatively frequent because of its high price, can be detected using TLC with fluorimetric detection. Saffron can be differentiated from some substitutes because it is not fluorescent vmder UV radiation. 

Numerous methods and materials have been advanced historically in an effort to produce imitations of gold. Of these, so-called mosaic gold (a tin sulfide, q.v.) is perhaps the best known. By way of example Thompson (1935) lists a wide range of substitutes in his survey of fourteenth and fifteenth century MSS, stating that The counterfeits depend chiefly on mercury, tin, chalk, orpiment, sulfur, bile, chehdony [sic], and saffron. Other vegetable elements are the juice of the cauda equina. .. and of poppy flowers. Recipes for an emulsion of egg-yolk and mercury. .. enjoyed considerable popularity. ... 

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