Safety culture early work

Work began on the EUROCONTROL safety culture questionnaire in the early 2000s with a review of the safety culture literature. The review identified constracts of potential importance for measurement in ATM. The review focused on safety culture research from 2001-05 (and the review by Guldenmund 2000). 

As scientific knowledge increases and technology advances, particularly in the area of 3D cell cultures and microphysio-logical systems, it is hoped that more predictive in vitro assays will be developed. However, these techniques are in the early phases of development, and significant validation work is required before these are used routinely in preclinical assessment of drug safety. 

Hale and Hovden (1998) described management and culture as the third age of safety. The first age was about technical measures, the second about human factors and individual behaviour (Hale and Glendon 1987) and these merged with the technological approaches. Catchpole et al. (2011) in their summary of the development of patient safety research in healthcare, characterised early human factors work in patient safety as focusing on attempts to locate the source of error within medicine. Other exploratory work, took a number of forms, including review of patient s case notes (Vincent et al. 

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