Safety and Cost Modelling

A new safety and cost modelling approach is described and demonstrated by an example. Three typical multiple criteria decision analysis methods for safety and cost synthesis are described. Their potential for use in safety based decision making is discussed. 

A methodology for analysing, designing and verifying a model of an organisation where users require heterogeneous information in order to perform safety- and cost- oitical tasks. 

Chapter 10 presents three novel safety assessment and decision making approaches. They are (1) a safety based decision support systeni using artificial neural network techniques, (2) a safety optimisation framework using Taguchi concepts, and (3) A multiple criteria decision making approach applied to safety and cost synthesis. Such approaches provide the safety analyst with more flexibility to facilitate risk modelling and decision making. 

Another important feature of the case study scenario and the resulting cost model is inventory control. High seasonality effects and long campaign durations necessitate considerable build-up of stocks. To avoid an unbalanced build-up of stock, soft constraints for safety stock and maximum stock levels are used. To achieve an even better inventory leveling across products and locations, piece-wise linear cost functions for falling below safety stock as well as for exceeding maximum stock levels are employed. 

Abstract Why do patients refer to medications as the little white pill or the pink capsule Strange or confusing names are problematic especially if you are old and have many medications. Other potential practical medication problems in the elderly including problems to remember, to swallow, practical handling, food- and drug-interactions, short use-before date are listed and described in this chapter. Possible solutions are also presented. For patient safety and for cost-effective care it s very important to identify and solve these problems for the individual patient. A systematic model for this is presented in Chapter 10. 

Simonson, M., Andersson, P., and van den Berg, M. Cost benefit analysis model for fire safety and deca BDE case study. Proceedings of Fire and Materials 2007 Conference, January 29-31, 2007, San Francisco, CA. Interscience Communications. 

Frey HC, Mokhtari A, Danish T (2003) Evaluation of selected sensitivity analysis methods based upon applications to two food safety process risk models. Prepared by North Carolina State University for Office of Risk Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC (http //www.ce.ncsu.edu/risk/Phase2Final.pdf). 

The problem and the required solution will dictate the experimental and modeling approach adopted. Many trade-offs driven by the need to balance economical operation against public/personnel safety must be made. When cost is the predominant driving force, engineering expediency leading to short-term solutions based only on qualitative assurances often dominate. Models for plant behavior must be based on accurate and realistic data to avoid unnecessary and costly shutdowns due to overly conservative predictions. Often, in this context, accurately measured but empirical data may be more valuable than a fundamen-... 

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