S-chart

Figure 1. Manufk turer s chart showing tip pressure drop as a function of diameter and equivalent flow rate.

From Pasquill s chart (Table 1), for a bright summer day with windspeeds of 3 m/s, the atmospheric conditions can be described as Class B, unstable. 

This equation, as illustrated in the (T, s) chart of Fig. 2.8 for an open circuit gas turbine, shows how the maximum possible work output from the ideal combustion process splits into the various terms on the right-hand side ... 

McCormick [97] presents a correlation for Gilliland s chart relating reflux, minimum reflux, number of stages, and minimum stages for multicomponent distillation. Selecting a multiplier for actual reflux over minimum reflux is important for any design. Depending on the com-... 

Example 9-10 Use of Colburn s Chart for Transfer Units— tra ht line Equilibrium Curve, Figure 70 Constant Temperature Operation... 

Use the previous example on dilute solutions and solve by Colburn s Chart [11]. 

As Mollier charts are available for only a few pure components and practically no mixtures, this calculation method is very limited. For example, it cannot be used for most process calculations because these gases are usually mixtures. Some of the charts available for mixtures are the H-S charts presented by Brown for natural gases of gravities from 0.6 to 1.0. ... 

The nurse should take and record vital signs. When appropriate, it is important to obtain a description of the signs and symptoms of the infection from the patient or family. The nurse assesses the infected area (when possible) and records finding on the patient s chart. It is important to describe accurately any signs and symptoms related to the patient s infection, such as color and lype of drainage from a wound, pain, redness and inflammation, color of sputum, or presence of an odor. In addition, the nurse should note the patient s general appearance. A culture and sensitivity test is almost always ordered, and the nurse must obtain the results before giving the first dose of penicillin. 

The nurse evaluates the patient daily for a response to therapy, such as a decrease in temperature, the relief of symptoms caused by the infection (such as pain or discomfort), an increase in appetite, and a change in the appearance or amount of drainage (when originally present). Once an infection is controlled, patients often look better and even state that they feel better. It is important to record these evaluations on the patient s chart. The nurse notifies the primary health care provider if signs and symptoms of the infection appear to worsen. 

Each day, the nurse compares current signs and symptoms of the infection against die initial signs and symptoms and records any specific finding in die patient s chart. 

PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION. When these drag > are given intramuscularly, the nurse inspects previous injection sites for signs of pain or tenderness, redness, and swelling. Some antibiotics may cause temporary local reactions, but persistence of a localized reaction should be reported to the primary health care provider. It is important to rotate injection sites and record the site used for injection in the patient s chart. 

When a patient is to receive an adrenergic agent for shock, the nurse obtains the blood pressure, pulse rate and quality, and respiratory rate and rhythm. The nurse assesses the patient s symptoms, problems, or needs before administering the drug and records any subjective or objective data on the patient s chart. In emergencies, the nurse must make assessments quickly and accurately. This information provides an important database that is used during treatment. 

If propranolol is given for angina, the nurse should ask the patient about the relief of symptoms and should record responses on the patient s chart. 

D. does not record the administration of the drug in the patient s chart... 

Mr. Davidson, who is 67 years old, is to be discharged after major bowel surgery. The primary health care provider gives him a prescription for 24 tablets of Zolpidem (Ambien). When reading Mr. Davidson s chart you note that he works part time on weekends as a bartender. Discuss what you would emphasize when explaining the prescription to Mr. Davidson. 

The nurse should initially observe the child with ADD for the various patterns of abnormal behavior. The nurse records a summary of the behavior pattern in the patient s chart to provide a comparison with future changes that may occur during therapy. 

If vomiting is severe the nurse observes the patient for signs and symptoms of electrolyte imbalance. The nurse monitors the blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate every 2 to 4 hours or as ordered by the primary health care provider. The nurse carefully measures the intake and output (urine, emesis) until vomiting ceases and the patient is able to take oral fluids in sufficient quantity. The nurse documents in the patient s chart each time the patient has an emesis. The nurse notifies the primary health care provider if there is blood in the emesis or if vomiting suddenly becomes more severe... 

Checking the chart for any recent, abnormal laboratory tests. If a recent, abnormal laboratory test was attached to the patient s chart shortly before surgery, the nurse must make sure that the surgeon and the anesthesiologist are aware of the abnormality. The nurse can attach a note to the front of the chart and contact the surgeon or anesthesiologist by telephone. 

After administering the drug, the nurse notes any increase in sputum or change in consistency. The nurse documents, on the patient s chart, a description of the sputum raised. Fhtients with thick, tenacious mucus may have difficulty breathing. It is important to notify the primary health care provider if the patient has difficulty breathing because of an inability to raise sputum and clear the respiratory passages. 

Immediately before and after treatment with the mucolytic acetylcysteine, the nurse auscultates the lung and records the finding of both assessments on the patient s chart. Between treatments, the nurse evaluates the patient s respiratory status and records these finding on the patient s chart. These evaluations aid the primary health care provider in determining the effectiveness of therapy. If any problem occurs during or after treatment, or if the patient is uncooperative, the nurse discusses the problem with the primary health care provider. 

When expectorants are given to those with chronic pulmonary disease, the nurse evaluates the effectiveness of drug therapy (ie, the patient s ability to raise sputum) and records this finding in the patient s chart. 

The nurse must also closely observe die patient for odier adverse drug reactions, such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Some adverse drug reactions are also signs of digitalis toxicity, which can be serious. The nurse should carefully consider any patient complaint or comment, record it on die patient s chart, and bring it to die attention of the primary care provider. 

If die patient has frequent chest pain or reports dizziness or light-headedness, the nurse monitors die blood pressure frequendy. The patient may need help during ambulation if dizziness occurs. In addition, the nurse must evaluate die patient s response to therapy by questioning the patient about die anginal pain. In some patients, die pain may be entirely relieved, whereas in others it may be less intense or less frequent or may occur only widi prolonged exercise. The nurse records all information in the patient s chart because tiiis helps die primary health care provider plan future therapy, as well as make dosage adjustments if required. 

MAINTAINING ADEQUATE NUTRITION. A special diet (eg, foods high in iron or foods high in folic acid) may be prescribed. If the diet is taken poorly, the nurse notes this on the patient s chart and discusses tiie problem with tiie primary health care provider. 

If a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is being given for absence or nonlocalized epileptic seizures, the nurse assesses the patient at frequent intervals for the occurrence of seizures, especially early in therapy and in patients known to experience seizures at frequent intervals. If a seizure does occur, the nurse records a description of the seizure in the patient s chart, including time of onset and duration. Accurate descriptions of the pattern and the number of seizures occurring each day helps the primary health care provider plan future therapy and adjust drug dosages as needed. 

The nurse examines areas of edema daily to evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapy and records the finding in the patient s chart. The nurse examines the patient s general appearance and condition daily or more often if the patient is acutely ill. 

During the preadministration assessment, the nurse reviews the patient s chart for the medical diagnosis and reason for administration of the prescribed drug. The nurse questions the patient regarding the type and intensity of symptoms (such as pain, discomfort, diarrhea, or constipation) to provide a baseline for evaluation of the effectiveness of drug therapy. 

LAXATIVES. The nurse records file results of administration on the patient s chart. If excessive bowel movements or severe prolonged diarrhea occur or if file laxative is ineffective, the nurse notifies file primary health care provider. If a laxative is ordered for constipation, the nurse encourages a liberal fluid intake and an increase in foods high in fiber to prevent a repeat of this problem. 

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