Rutherford scattering theory

In the classical picture, the short range interaction is described by the classical Rutherford scattering theory, which is parameterized in terms of b being the impact parameter and b = Ze /mv the classical collision radius. Instead, in the quantum perturbation theory, the short-range behavior is related to high momentum transfers. In the Bethe and Lindhard theories... 

This is the Rutherford scattering cross section. It is interesting to note that Bom and classical theory also reproduce this cross section. Moreover,... 

According to conventional theory, the equation Rexp = Rconv should also be valid for ECS. However, the cross section for electron scattering from hydrogen, carbon and oxygen is simply the Rutherford cross section ax oc Z (Zx atomic number of atom X). Calculations of the cross section based on the electronic structure show that screening effects are not important under these conditions [Vos 2002 (a) Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann 2003 (a)]. The results reveal that, as in the case of NCS, the measured ratio ReXp of the hydrogen peak and the joint oxygen / carbon peak is considerably decreased Rexp < Rconv-... 

The first 25 years of the twentieth century were momentous for the rapid pace of change in scientists understanding of the nature of matter, (a) How did Rutherford s experiments on the scattering of a particles hy a gold foil set the stage for Bohr s theory of the hydrc en atom (b) In what ways is de Breve s hypothesis, as it applies to electrons, consistent with J. J. Thomson s conclusion that the electron has mass In what sense is it consistent with proposals preceding Thomson s work that the cathode rays are a wave phenomenon ... 

Geiger, Hans Wilhelm (1882-1945) German physicist, who carried out research with Rutherford at Manchester University before returning to Germany in 1912. In 1908 he and Rutherford produced the Geiger counter, improved in 1928 as the Geiger-Mtiller counter. In 1909 his scattering experiments with alpha particles led to Rutherford s nuclear theory of the atom. 

The identification of radioactive decay as a subatomic process led, of course, to theories of atomic structure. After various models had been suggested - none of them totally satisfactory -the big breakthrough came with Rutherford s classic 1911 paper (Rutherford 1911) in which he proposed, on the basis of careful, quantitative experiments on the scattering of a particles from thin metallic foils, that most of the mass of an atom must be concentrated in a positively charged... 

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