Ruthenium purple

More recently, a new method of assembling multilayers of PB on surfaces has been described.110 In contrast to the familiar process of self-assembly, which is spontaneous and leads to single monolayers, directed assembly is driven by the experimenter and leads to extended multilayers. In a proof-of-concept experiment, the generation of multilayers of Prussian blue (and the mixed Fein/Run analog ruthenium purple) on gold surfaces by exposing them alternately to positively charged ferric cations and [Fe(CN)6]4- or [Ru(CN)f,]4 anions has been demonstrated.110... 

Ruthenium trichloride catalyzes the production of oxygen at a platinum anode404 via higher oxidation state species, whilst one of the most effective catalysts for oxygen or chlorine evolution is formed by reduction of a solution containing [Fe2(S04)3] and K3[Ru(CN)6].404 This leads to a film on the electrode of ruthenium purple, Fe4[Ru(CN)6]3, with a structure analogous to that of Prussian blue. Oxygen can then be produced at 0.2 V vs. SCE.404... 

A method for the preparation of thin films of Fe4[Ru(CN)6]3 ( ruthenium purple ) involving electrochemical reduction of K3[Ru(CN)6] in a solution of Fe2(S04)3 has been developed.28 This ruthenium purple modified electrode is claimed to be one of the best catalysts for evolution of oxygen and chlorine. Electrochemical studies on polyammonium macrocyclic complexes of [Ru(CN)6]4 indicate a 1 1 stoichiometry with a monoelectronic, reversible, oxidation for these complexes this illustrates the control of redox potential of anions by complexation with appropriate receptor molecules.29 The kinetics of oxidation of [Ru(CN)6]4 by [Mn04] in HC104 have been investigated by stopped-flow techniques. It is found that [Ru(CN)6]4" is quantitatively oxidized to [Ru(CN)6]3 in accordance with equation (1) and that two protonated intermediates [RuH(CN)6]3 and [RuH2(CN)6]3 are involved in the oxidation process.30... 

The EQCM has also been used to study redox-driven ion and solvent transfers in Prussian Blue-related materials, in which one or other of the iron species is replaced by another metal. These include ferric ruthenocyanide ( ruthenium purple ) [111], silver hexacyanoferrate [112], and nickel hexacyanoferrate [113, 114]. EQCM data for the latter case - the best characterized of this set-was shown to be consistent with a broadly electrolyte cation-dominated electroneutrality mechanism (as for the parent Prussian Blue material), but with some evidence for electrolyte anion participation, in the redox process. 

Figure 16.11 SEM-EDX topical analysis of a spherical SILP WGS catalyst cut into half and polished- (a) SEM image of the catalyst sphere cut into half and (b) EDX map of the catalyst sphere showing ruthenium (purple representing precursor) and sulfur (blue representing ionic liquid) distribution, metal support liquid [BMMIM][OTf], a = 0.1 nil mlp. g, support material agglomer-...

Tian, R, E. Llaudet, and Dale, N. 2007. Ruthenium purple-mediated microelectrode biosensors based on sol-gel. Anal Chem 79 6760-66. 

Clay-modified electrodes with ruthenium purple Enzymic treatment with Cucumis sativus tissue which is a rich source of ascorbate oxidase Based on the quantitative electrolysis of AA A four-channel multipotentiostat for simultaneous measurements with microelectrode arrays. To reduce the complexity of electrochemistry cell, only one reference, and one auxiliary electrode are used Electrocatalytic determination of AA using tetraaza macrocycle-modified electrodes Neutralization of AA in ammonia leading to a change in conductivity... 

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