Rupture length

X 10 N and the value obtained by the simplest form, 1.45 X 10 " N m n = 918 and a = 0.31 nm for Equation 21.1). These comparisons imphed that the measurements were consistent with the theoretical predictions. The deviation between the rupture length of 260.9 nm and the fitted-contour length indicated that the polymer chain was not fully stretched at the rupture event. The reason for this was that the rupture event was a stochastic process and was dependent on many factors such as pulling speed, bond strength, and temperature. The vahdity of the freely jointed (FJC) model (dashed fine) was also checked ... 

In order to describe the process of the rupture of tongue tip precisely, a technical term, tensile rupture ratio, is Introduced and defined as a ratio of the rupture length of the tongue tip to the original length of the tongue (Figure 2). Thus,... 

According to the analysis above, the sum of rupture length of a tongue after N revolutions will be given by... 

AX rupture length of tongue Ay rupture thickness of tongue oc crack-growth constant... 

In order to obtain realistic ground motions at a site, a series of filters related to finite dislocation rise time, finite rupture length, and attenuation are applied follows ... 

Surface faulting can extend for few tens of km, with offsets from tens of cm up to a few meters. Gravity grabens and elongated depressions develop for very shallow focus, earthquakes in volcanic areas rupture lengths might be much lower. Tectonic subsidence or uplift of the ground surface with maximum values in the order of few meters may occur. 

Bonilla MG, Mark RK, Lienkaemper JJ (1984) Statistical relations among earthquake magnitude, surface rupture length, and surface fault displacement. Bull Seismol Soc Am 74 2379-2411... 

Wells DL, Coppersmith K (1994) New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement. Bull Seismol Soc Am 84 974-1002... 

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