Rudimentary uterus

Unicornuate uterus may he isolated (35%) or associated with a contralateral rudimentary horn. The rudimentary horns present with or without communication to the endometrial cavity and may he associated with or without endometrium, which is also called no cavity rudimentary horn. In patients with cavity non-communicating rudimentary horn, dysmenorrhea and hematometra may occur. Surgical resection to either relieve symptomatic pain or to reduce the risk of potential ectopic pregnancy is justified. As with every obstructed system, the risk of endometriosis is also increased with a non-communicating rudimentary horn. Renal malformations are common with unicornuate uterus and occur mostly... 

Congenital abnormalities of the fallopian tubes are also extremely rare. As in the ovaries, they present more likely a sequelae of torsion or an inflammatory process. Tubes may be partially atretic or hypoplastic and associated with uterine abnormalities such as rudimentary uterine horn or bicornuate uterus. In infertility patients exposed to diethylstilbestrol, short sacciflated or dilated fallopian tubes have been reported [21]. 

Agenesis of a unilateral mullerian duct causes a single banana-shaped uterus with a single fallopian tube. If the rudimentary horn is either noncommunicating or lacks a cavity, it will not be detected by HSG. Sonographic findings, which are often subtle and easily overlooked, include a small uterine cavity, an... 

Fig. 16.17a-c. Class II. Left unicornuate uterus. HSG shows uterine cavity deviated toward left side with patent left fallopian tube (a). Axial T2w MRI in this patient shows no rudimentary horn on the right side (b). In another patient, HSG shows right unicornuate uterus with hydrosalpinx (c)... 

MRI findings are similar to those seen with ultrasound, hut cavity detection in the rudimentary horn can be facilitated by using heavily T2-weighted imaging sequences. Normal zonal anatomy is observed in a small uterus. 

Fig. 7. 3a-d. Schematic presentation of class II unicornuate uterus, a With a rudimentary, communicating horn, b The rudimentary horn has no cavity, no endometrium, c The rudimentary horn is noncommunicating with active endometrium. d No rudimentary horn... 

It affects 1 in 4,000-5,000 otherwise normal (46 XX) girls. Mayer-Rokitansky-Kiister-Hauser syndrome type A (typical form) shows normal-appearing external genitalia, absence of the vagina and uterus, normal fallopian tubes, normal ovaries, and no renal anomalies. In type B (atypical form), the uterus may be normal except for the lack of a conduit to the introitus or may be rudimentary, commonly show-... 

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