Uterus unicornuate

Definition Unicornuate uterus as a result of partial or complete hypoplasia of one Mullerian duct [25] (Fig. 4.3). 

Unicornuate uterus may he isolated (35%) or associated with a contralateral rudimentary horn. The rudimentary horns present with or without communication to the endometrial cavity and may he associated with or without endometrium, which is also called no cavity rudimentary horn. In patients with cavity non-communicating rudimentary horn, dysmenorrhea and hematometra may occur. Surgical resection to either relieve symptomatic pain or to reduce the risk of potential ectopic pregnancy is justified. As with every obstructed system, the risk of endometriosis is also increased with a non-communicating rudimentary horn. Renal malformations are common with unicornuate uterus and occur mostly... 

Developmental anomalies of the ovaries are very rare. Although ovaries have a different developmental origin from uterus and fallopian tubes, ovarian anomalies are significantly more often associated with congenital uterine anomalies (22%), particularly with unicornuate uterus [16]. Uterus and fallopian tubes develop from the paramesonephric ducts. Defects of the paramesonephric tubes result not only in abnormalities of the uterus but also of tbe fallopian tubes, kidneys, and ureters. 

Fig. 16.17a-c. Class II. Left unicornuate uterus. HSG shows uterine cavity deviated toward left side with patent left fallopian tube (a). Axial T2w MRI in this patient shows no rudimentary horn on the right side (b). In another patient, HSG shows right unicornuate uterus with hydrosalpinx (c)... 

Spontaneous abortion and premature labor may occur in pregnancies with unicornuate uterus, and the poorest fetal survival among all uterine anomalies has been reported [27]. A potentially lethal com-... 

Fig. 16.20a-c. Class V. Complete septate uterus. On HSG one cervical opening was missed only one uterine cavity was spilled with contrast media a unicornuate uterus was assumed (a). Sonography (b) and coronal T2 w MRI (c) clearly demonstrate the uterine cavity divided by a thick septmn extending to the level of the cervix. The angle formed by the medial borders of the two uterine hemi-cavities is greater than 75T... 

Brody JM, Koelliker SL, Fishman GN (1998) Unicornuate uterus imaging appearance, associated anomalies and clinical implications. AJR Am J Roentgenol 171 1341-1347... 

Fig. 7. 3a-d. Schematic presentation of class II unicornuate uterus, a With a rudimentary, communicating horn, b The rudimentary horn has no cavity, no endometrium, c The rudimentary horn is noncommunicating with active endometrium. d No rudimentary horn... 

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