Rubrivivax gelatinosus

Agalidis, I., T. Mattioli, and F. Reiss-Husson. 1999. Spirilloxanthin is released by detergent from Rubrivivax gelatinosus reaction center as an aggregate with unusual properties. Photosynth. Res. 62 314-2. 

Maness, P. C., Smolinski, S., Dillon, A. C., Heben, M. J., and Weaver, P. F. 2002. Characterization of the oxygen tolerance of a hydrogenase linked to a carbon monoxide oxidation pathway in Rubrivivax gelatinosus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 2633-2636. 

Igarashi N, Shimada K, Matuura K and Nagashima KVP (1999) Photosynthetic gene cluster in purple bacterium, Rubrivivax gelatinosus. In Garab G (ed) Photosynthesis Mechanisms and Effects, Vol IV, pp 2889-2892. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht... 

Ouchane S, Picaud M, Vemotte C, Reiss-Husson E and Astier C (1997a) Pleiotropic effects of pu/interposon mutagenesis on carotenoid biosynthesis in Rubrivivax gelatinosus. J Biol Chem 272 1670-1676... 

Ouchane S, Picaud M, Vemotte C and Astier C (1997b) Photooxidative stress stimulates iUegitimate recombination and mutability in carotenoid-less mutants of Rubrivivax gelatinosus. EMBO J 16 4777-4787 Overmann J and Pfennig N (1989) Pelodictyon phaeo-clathratiforme sp. nov., a new brown-colored member of the Chlorobiaceae forming net-hke colonies. Arch Microbiol 152 401 06... 

Jrrsakova V and Reiss-Husson F (1994) A specific carotenoid is required for reconstitution of Xh Rubrivivax gelatinosus B875 light harvesting complex from its subunit form B820. FEBS Lett 353 151-154... 

Maness, P.-C. and Weaver, P.F. "Hydrogen Production from a Carbon-Monoxide Oxidation Pathway in Rubrivivax gelatinosus." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. In press (October 2002). 

Before inoculation into bioreactors Rubrivivax gelatinosus CBS was grown in closed 250-mL volume flasks using basic basal medium without yeast extract [7] plus 10% CO, shaken and illuminated with incandescent lamps (35 W m ). Cell dry weight was determined by trapping the bacteria on Whatman 114 filter paper and drying the cell suspensions at 90°C to a constant weight. 

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of a hollow-fiber bioreactor for continuous shifting of CO into H2 by Rubrivivax gelatinosus CBS...

Hydrogen produetion in hollow-fiber bioreactor by Rubrivivax gelatinosus CBS Ifom CO at an average rate of 125 ml g cdw h (maximum rate of 700 ml g cdw h ) was observed for more than 8 months (Fig. 4). No detectable remaining levels of CO (<18 ppm) in the effluent gas were observed during this period. 

Fig. 3 Scanning electron microscopy of Rubrivivax gelatinosus CBS immobilized on cuprammonium rayon hollow fiber (AM-40M-SD)...

Certain photoheterotrophic bacteria, such as Rubrivivax gelatinosus, are capable of performing a biological water-gas shift reaction at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. These bacteria can survive in the dark by using CO as the sole carbon source to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) coupling the oxidation of CO to the reduction of H+ to Hj (Ni et al., 2006) ... 

Rubrivivax gelatinosus crti genomic AJ010302 AB034704... 

Harada J, Nagashima KVP, Takaichi S, Misawa N, Matsuura K, Shimada K (2001) Phytoene desaturase, CrtI, of the purple photosynthetic bacterium, Rubrivivax gelatinosus, produces both neurosporene and lycopene. Plant Cell Physiol 42 1112-1118 Francis GW, Liaaen-Jensen S (1970) Bacterial carotenoids XXXIII. Carotenoids of thiorhodaceae 9. The structures of the carotenoids of the rhodopinal series. Acta Chem Scand 24 2705-2712... 

Section 8.4.9). If a bio-reactor could host the shift reaction at ambient temperature, the product gas would contain little CO and further expensive gas cleanup could be eliminated, or at least greatly reduced. The work at NREL is at an early stage but preliminary data from a trickle-bed reactor using Rubrivivax gelatinosus CBS2 suggests that the rate of reaction is more rapid than the rate at which carbon monoxide can be supplied to the bacterial culture. 

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