Rubidium oxidation states

In addition to the above oxides M2O, M2O2, M4O6, MO2 and MO3 in which the alkali metal has the constant oxidation state 4-1, rubidium and caesium also form suboxides in which the formal oxidation state of the metal is considerably lower. Some of these intriguing compounds have been known since the turn of the century but only recently have their structures been elucidated by single crystal X-ray analysis. Partial oxidation of Rb at low temperatures gives RbeO which decomposes above —7.3°C to give copper-coloured metallic crystals of Rb902 ... 

All of the alkali metals are electropositive and have an oxidation state of 1 and form cations (positively charged ions) by either giving up or sharing their single valence electron. The other elements of group 1 are lithium (jLi), sodium (jjNa), potassium (j K), rubidium (j Rb), cesium (jjCs), and francium (g Fr). Following are some characteristics of the group 1 alkali metals ... 

Rubidium is a silvery-white lightweight sohd at room temperature, but it melts at just 38.89°C (102°F), which is just over the human body s normal temperature. Its boiling point is 686°C, its density is 1.532 g/cm, and it has an oxidation state of + 1. 

Because rubidium is a much larger atom than hthium or sodium, it gives up its outer valence electron easily, thus becoming a positive ion (oxidation state = Ru. ... 

The formation of homonuclear bonding between alkali-metal atoms which characterizes the formation of cluster species implies that these elements are in an intermediate oxidation state between 0 and 4- 1. This condition appears to be met by the suboxides of rubidium and cesium. 

The survey of nitrogen oxidation states starts with the nitrides and ammonia (—3). Binary nitrides are much like hydrides and oxides in that they can be ionic, covalent, or interstitial. Ammonia is the familiar pyramidal, hydrogen-bonding base ammonium salts are much like those of potassium and rubidium except that the ammonium ion is a weak acid. Hydrazine (—2) is closely related to ammonia and is such an excellent reducing agent that it is used in rocket fuels. Hydroxylamine contains nitrogen in the —1 oxidation state. Nitrous oxide (+1), laughing gas, was the first anesthetic. Nitric oxide (+2) is an odd-electron species. It seems like a simple... 

The catalyst is normally contained on a ceramic substrate. These ceramics are extruded in a malleable state and then fired in ovens. The process consists of starting with a ceramic and depositing an aluminum oxide coating. The aluminum oxide makes the ceramic, which is fairly smooth, have a number of bumps. On those bumps a noble metal catalyst, such as platinum, palladium, or rubidium, is deposited. The active site, wherever the noble metal is deposited, is where the conversion will actually take place. An alternate to the ceramic substrate is a metallic substrate. In this process, the aluminum oxide is deposited on the metallic substrate to give the wavy contour. The precious metal is then deposited onto the aluminum oxide. Both forms of catalyst are called monoliths. 

The synthesis of HBr04 and rubidium and potassium salts was accomplished, using oxidation of bromate by XeF2 or (preferably) molecular fluorine in aqueous solution.19 Spectral studies20 show that the perbromate ion is tetrahedral in both the solid-state and aqueous solutions. The thermodynamic properties and thermal decomposition of individual salts are discussed under each element. A more general article on various properties of the perbromates was published by Herrell and Gayer.21... 

The group Ib elements—copper, silver, and gold—stand in contradistinction to elements such as rubidium and vanadium. These metals are rather electronegative and soft, and prefer two-coordinate directional bonding. These characteristics are not conducive to the incorporation of these elements into rock-forming oxide matrices, and they therefore form their own minerals, occur in the native state, or reside in trace sulfides in the cmst. They also partition readily into fluid phases, promoting their redistribution in the crust, and the formation of ores. 

Electronic properties and sobd-state Rb and NMR studies of mesoporous tantalum oxide rubidium fulleride composites. 2005 17 1467-1478. 

Mesoporous tantalum oxide rubidium fulleride composites were synthesised by solution impregnation and characterised by Rb and C solid-state NMR and other methods. Rb solid-state NMR of the composite materials indicated the presence of two Rb environments associated with the walls or chaimels of the mesostructure as well as several resonances associated with various fulleride species. C solid-state NMR experiments showed the presence of multiple fulleride species as well as pure fullerene, depending on the level of reduction. ... 

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