Poly rubber-toughened

The different basic mechanisms shown in Figure 19 are valid for other toughened polymers as well. For example, the mechanism in Figure 19 is decisive for rubber-toughened poly(vinyl chloride) (37), polycarbonate, 38, 39), poly(methyl methacrylate) 40, 41), and rubber-toughened epoxies 42, 43). 

D. E. J. Saunders, Deformation and fracture of rubber-toughened poly(methyl methacrylate), PhD thesis, Victoria University of Manchester, 1990... 

Mishra, J.K., Chang, Y.W., and Choi, N.S. (2007) Preparation and characterization of rubber-toughened poly(trimethylene terephthalate) /organoclay nanocomposite. Polym. Et. Sd., 47, 863. 

Ishak ZAM, Ishiaku US, Karger-Kocsis J (2000) Hygrothermal aging and fracture behavior of short-glass-fiber-reinforced rubber-toughened poly(butylene terephthalate) composites. Compos Sci Technol 60(6) 803-815... 

Elloappan, V., El-aasser, M.S., Klein, A., Daniels, E.S., Roberts, J.E., and Pearson, R.A. (1994) Effect of the core/shell latex particle interphase on the mechanical behavior of rubber-toughened poly (methyl methacrylate). J. Appl. 

Fig. 5.66(b) shows a series of stress-strain curves for samples of rubber-toughened poly(methyl methacrylate) (RTPMMA) containing different weight fractions Wp of toughening particles. It can be seen that... 

Fig. 5.66 Stress-strain curves for rubber-toughened polymers, (a) Polystyrene (PS) and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) (after Bucknall). (b) Rubber-toughened poly(methyl methacrylate) showing the effect of the weight fraction of rubber particlesy Wp (courtesy D.E.J. Saunders).

He, C., Donald, A.M. Morphology of a deformed rubber toughened poly(methyl methacrylate) film under tensile strain. J. Mater. Sci. 32, 5661-5667 (1997)... 

Rubber-toughened polystyrene composites were obtained similarly by polymerising the dispersed phase of a styrene/SBS solution o/w HIPE [171], or a styrene/MMA/(SBS or butyl methacrylate) o/w HIPE [172], The latter materials were found to be tougher, however, all polymer composites had mechanical properties comparable to bulk materials. Other rubber composite materials have been prepared from PVC and poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) [173], via three routes a) blending partially polymerised o/w HIPEs of vi-nylidene chloride (VDC) and BMA, followed by complete polymerisation b) employing a solution of PBMA in VDC as the dispersed phase, with subsequent polymerisation and c) blending partially polymerised VDC HIPE with BMA monomer, then polymerisation. All materials obtained possessed mixtures of both homopolymers plus some copolymer, and had better mechanical properties than the linear copolymers. The third method was found to produce the best material. 

Rubber-Toughened Acrylic Molding Materials. The materials were prepared by blending the toughening particles with Diakon LG156 (supplied by ICI Acrylics), which is poly[(methyl methacrylate)-co-(n-butyl acrylate)] (92... 

Cho Cho, K. W., Yang, J. H., Park, C. E. The effect of rubber particle size on toughening behaviour of rubber-modified poly(methyl methacrylate) with different test methods. Polymer 39 (1998)... 

Cheung ME, Golovoy A, Mindroiu VE, Plummer Jr HK, van Gene H. Polysulfone and poly-(phenylene sulfide) blends 3. Rubber toughening. Polymer 1993 34(18) 3809-13. 

PP nanocomposite toughened with poly (ethylene-co-octene) using PP-g-MAH (6 wt%) as compatibilizer Thermal stability of the rubber-toughened PP nanocomposites was studied Thermal stability was improved significantly with the addition of small amount of organoclay Lim et al. 2006... 

Plasticizers These are required to reduce the inherent brittleness of poly(alkyl-2-cyanoacrylates). This can be achieved by using non-copolymerizing plasticizers such as esters or higher alkyl cyanoacrylates, which copolymerize with the basic adhesive monomer. Toughness properties can be improved by the inclusion of rubber toughening materials such as ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) or MBS (methacrylate-butadiene-styrene) copolymers. Whichever approach is adopted, toughness is only achieved at the expense of reduced cure speed. 

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